Kumisikidza mudziyo wekucheka lathe ihunyanzvi hwakakosha kune chero machinist, kunyanya kana uchibata neComputer Numerical Control (CNC) inoshandura michina. Kurongeka kwezvishandiso kwakakosha kwakakosha kuti uwane mibairo chaiyo uye nemazvo emuchina. Mugwaro rino rakazara, isu tichaongorora mune zvakaomesesa ruzivo rwekuti ungamisa sei lathe yekucheka chishandiso cheCNC kutendeuka. Kubva pane izvo zvekutanga zvelathe tool components kusvika kune advanced matekiniki ekugadzirisa kucheka mashandiro, chinyorwa ichi chine chinangwa chekupa kunzwisisa kwakazara kwemaitiro. Pakupera kwegwaro iri, iwe unenge uine ruzivo uye hunyanzvi hunodiwa kumisikidza lathe yekucheka chishandiso nekuvimba uye nemazvo, kuve nechokwadi chemhedzisiro yakanaka muCNC yako yekutendeuka mashandiro.

Kunzwisisa Lathe Kucheka Zvishandiso

Munyika yekugadzira, lathe yekucheka maturusi zvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira uye kushandura mbishi kuita zvikamu zvakanyatsogadzirwa. Kunyangwe iwe uri kushanda neachinyakare manyore lathes kana epamberi CNC ekutenderedza muchina, kuve nekunzwisisa kwakakwana kwematurusi ekucheka lathe kwakakosha. Muchikamu chino, isu tichaongorora zvakadzama mukati mehunhu, mabasa, uye mhando dzelathe yekucheka maturusi.

Hunhu hweLathe Cutting Tools

Lathe yekucheka maturusi akagadzirirwa kuita akasiyana machining mashandiro, senge kutendeuka, kutarisana, grooving, threading, nezvimwe. Zvishandiso izvi zvinogovana akati wandei maitiro akafanana:

1. Kuoma: Lathe yekucheka maturusi anowanzo gadzirwa neakakwira-kumhanya simbi (HSS), carbide, kana zvimwe zvehunyanzvi zvekushandisa. Zvinhu izvi zvinosarudzwa nekuda kwekuoma kwavo, zvichibvumira chigadziro kuti chidzivirire kutonhora kwepamusoro uye kudzvinyirirwa kunogadzirwa panguva yekucheka.
2. Cutting Edge: Kucheka kwechigadzirwa chelathe ndicho chikamu chinonyatsobvisa zvinhu kubva pakushanda. Yakagadzirirwa kuve yakapinza uye yakanyatsojeka, uye iyo geometry yemupendero wekucheka inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nebasa rakanangana nechombo.
3. Shank: Iyo shank yechishandiso chelathe chikamu chinosungirirwa mumudziyo wemidziyo. Inopa kugadzikana uye kusimba kune chishandiso panguva ye machine kwacho. Shank dhizaini inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechishandiso uye zvakatemwa nemugadziri.
4. Tool Holder: Iyo inobata chishandiso chinhu chakakosha, kunyanya mukutendeuka kweCNC, sezvo ichibata zvakachengeteka mudziyo welathe panzvimbo. Inofanira kupa kugadzikana, kunyatsojeka, uye nyore kugadzirisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwechishandiso.
5. Jiyometri: Iyo geometry yechishandiso chekucheka, kusanganisira rake angle, clearance angle, uye chip breaker, inoita basa rakakosha pakuona kushanda kwechishandiso. Yakakodzera geometry yakakosha kuti uwane hunyanzvi hwekubvisa zvinhu uye chip evacuation.
6. Kupfeka: Maturusi mazhinji ekucheka lathe anouya neakasarudzika machira, akadai seTiN (Titanium Nitride) kana TiAlN (Titanium Aluminium Nitride), kuwedzera hupenyu hwematurusi, kuderedza kupokana, nekuvandudza mashandiro.

Mabasa eLathe Cutting Tools

Lathe yekucheka maturusi anoita akati wandei akakosha mabasa mukuita machining:

1. Kubviswa kwezvinhu: Basa rekutanga re lathe yekucheka maturusi ndeyekubvisa zvinhu kubva kune workpiece. Kubvisa uku kunogona kuitika kuburikidza nekutendeuka (kutenderedza workpiece paunenge uchicheka), kutarisana (kuumba nzvimbo yakati sandara), kana mamwe mabasa.
2. Dimensional Control: Maturusi ekucheka ane basa rekuona kuti zviyero zvechikamu chakagadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa. Kudzora chaiko kwakakosha kuti uwane mhedzisiro uye inowirirana.
3. Surface Kupera: Hunhu hwekupedza kwepamusoro hunotarwa nekupinza kwechishandiso chekucheka, geometry, uye maparamita ekucheka anoshandiswa. Chishandiso chakanyatsochengetedzwa uye chakanyatsogadziriswa chekucheka chinobatsira pakupera kwepamusoro uye kwakanaka.
4. Chip Control: Kushanda chip control kwakakosha pakudzivirira chip kuvaka uye kuchengetedza yakachena uye yakachengeteka nzvimbo yekushanda. Iyo chip breaker pane mamwe maturusi inobatsira kufambisa chip kubviswa.
5. Kushanda: Lathe yekucheka maturusi akagadzirirwa kuita kuti machining maitiro ashande uye anodhura-inoshanda. Ivo vanobatsira kudzikisira kutambisa zvinhu uye kukwenenzvera hupenyu hwematurusi, kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira.

Mhando dzeLathe Cutting Tools

Lathe yekucheka maturusi anowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana, imwe neimwe yakarongedzwa kune chaiwo machining mabasa. Heano mamwe marudzi akajairika:

1. Turning Tools: Zvishandiso izvi zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinoshandiswa kuita cylindrical turning mashandiro. Vanogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzekunze uye dzemukati dze workpiece.
2. Zvishandiso Zvinobhowa: Zvishandiso zvinobhowa zvinoshandiswa kukudza kana kupedza maburi aripo. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kurongeka uye kurongeka mugomba machining.
3. Zvishandiso zvekuparadzanisa: Maturusi ekuparadzanisa anoshandiswa kuparadzanisa workpiece kubva kune yakakura stock. Vanogadzira mitsara yekuparadzanisa yakatsanangurwa ine tsvina shoma.
4. Threading Tools: Zvishandiso zvekutsenga zvinoshandiswa pakucheka shinda pane workpiece. Dzinouya mumhando dzakasiyana siyana uye saizi kune akasiyana shinda zvinodiwa.
5. Grooving Tools: Zvishandiso zvegrooving zvinogadzira grooves kana recesses pane workpiece, kazhinji yekugara O-mhete, yekuchengeta mhete, kana zvimwe zvinhu.
6. Kutarisana Nezvishandiso: Maturusi ekutarisana akagadzirirwa kugadzira nzvimbo dzakati sandara pamagumo echishandiso. Ivo vanowanzo shandiswa kuwana perpendicular nzvimbo kana kubvisa zvinhu kubva pakupera workpiece.

Kunzwisisa hunhu uye mabasa e lathe yekucheka maturusi kwakakosha pakusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera cheimwe machining basa. Sarudzo yekucheka chishandiso inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka uye kugona kweiyo machining process, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakakosha mune chero kushanda kwelathe. Pamusoro pezvo, kugadzirisa kwakaringana uye kuseta maturusi kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuenderana uye nemhedzisiro mhedzisiro, iyo ichakurukurwa zvakadzama gare gare mugwaro rino.

Mhando dzeLathe Cutting Tools

Lathe yekucheka maturusi anouya mumhando dzakasiyana, imwe neimwe yakanyatsogadzirirwa kune rakati machining basa. Kunzwisisa aya marudzi akasiyana ekucheka maturusi uye mashandisirwo awo kwakakosha pakusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera chebasa rakapihwa. Heano mamwe akajairika marudzi e lathe yekucheka maturusi:

Turning Tools:

• Round-Nose Tool: Inoshandiswa kune general-purpose turning mashandiro. Iyo inoratidzira yakatenderedzwa yekucheka kumucheto uye yakakodzera kune zvese roughing uye kupedza kucheka.
• Chishandiso chedhaimani: Yakatumidzwa zita rekucheka-yakaita sedhaimani kumucheto, yakanakira machining chaiwo pane akasiyana zvinhu, zvinosanganisira simbi nemapurasitiki.
• Square-Nose Tool: Inoratidzira sikweya yekucheka mupendero uye inowanzo shandiswa kutarisana uye kushandura mafudzi.

Zvishandiso Zvinobhowa:Internal Boring Bar: Inoshandiswa kukudza uye kupedza maburi aripo mune workpiece. Yakagadzirirwa kurongeka uye inogona kugadzira zviyero zvemukati zvakaringana.

Zvishandiso zvekuparadzanisa:Kuparadzanisa Blade: Zvishandiso izvi zvinoshandiswa kucheka workpiece kubva kune yakakura stock. Vanogadzira mutsara wekuparadzanisa wakatsanangurwa une tsvina shoma.

Threading Tools:

• Thread Cutting Tool: Yakagadzirirwa kugadzira tambo dzekunze pane workpiece. Dzinouya mumhando dzakasiyana siyana uye saizi kune akasiyana shinda zvinodiwa.
• Thread Chasing Tool: Inoshandiswa kudzingirira kana kudzoreredza tambo dziripo. Zvishandiso izvi zvinonyanya kushandiswa kugadzirisa shinda.

Grooving Tools:Grooving Tool: Zvishandiso izvi zvinogadzira grooves kana recesses pane workpiece, kazhinji kugamuchira O-mhete, kuchengetedza zvindori, kana zvimwe zvinhu.

Kutarisana Nezvishandiso:Facing Tool: Inoshandiswa kugadzira nzvimbo dzakati sandara pamagumo echishandiso. Inowanzoshandiswa kuwana perpendicular nzvimbo kana kubvisa zvinhu kubva kumagumo ekushanda.

Zvishandiso zveKuparadzanisa uye Kukura:Combination Tool: Aya maturusi akasiyana-siyana akagadzirirwa ese ari maviri ekuparadzana uye grooving mashandiro, kuchengetedza nguva uye shanduko yezvishandiso.

Maturusi uye Grooving Zvishandiso:Musanganiswa weKuruka uye Grooving Tool: Yakanakira mabasa anoda ese ari maviri tambo uye grooving mashandiro pane imwechete workpiece.

Chamfering Tools:Chamfering Tool: Inoshandiswa kugadzira chamfers kana beveled edges pane workpiece. Chamfers anowanzo shandiswa kuvandudza chitarisiko uye nyore kuungana kwezvikamu zvemuchina.

Knurling Zvishandiso:Knurling Tool: Knurling inzira yekugadzira yakashongedzwa patani pane yebasa, kazhinji yekuvandudza kubata kana aesthetics. Zvishandiso zveKnurling zvinouya mumhando dzakasiyana uye magadzirirwo.

Kugadzira Zvishandiso:Fomu Chishandiso: Zvishandiso izvi zvakagadzirirwa-zvakagadzirirwa chaiwo chikamu geometries, chinowanzo shandiswa kugadzira yakaoma uye isiri-yakajairwa maumbirwo.

Specialty Tools:Profile Tools: Inoshandiswa kugadzira maprofiles akaoma pane workpiece.

Kutarisana uye Kushandura Zvishandiso: Izvi zvakagadzirirwa zvese zviri zviviri kutarisana uye kutendeuka mashandiro.

Cutoff Tools: Yakagadzirirwa kucheka kuburikidza neworkpiece kugadzira zvikamu zvakasiyana kana kubvisa zvinhu zvakawandisa.

Kusarudzwa kwechishandiso chekucheka chakakodzera kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sechinhu chiri kugadzirwa, kupera kwaunoda, zviyero zvinodiwa, uye kuvhiya chaiko kuri kuitwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti usarudze chishandiso chakakodzera uye nekuchichengetedza nemazvo kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda uye kwakaringana machining. Sarudzo yeturusi yakakodzera, pamwe chete nekuseta uye kugadzirisa, kwakakosha kuti uwane mhedzisiro yemhando yepamusoro mukushanda kwelathe.

Zvikamu zveLathe Cutting Tool

Lathe yekucheka chishandiso chiridzwa chakanyatsogadzirirwa kugadzira, kucheka, uye kubvisa zvinhu kubva paworkpiece. Kuti unzwisise kuti inoshanda sei uye kuti ungaimisa sei nemazvo, zvakakosha kuti uzive nezvayo zvakasiyana zvikamu. Hezvino izvo zvakakosha zvechishandiso chekucheka lathe:

1. Tool Holder:Mubati wemudziyo ndiyo chikamu chinochengetedza chigadziro chekucheka panzvimbo. Iyo inonamatira kune iyo lathe's chishandiso positi uye inopa iyo inodiwa kuomarara uye kugadzikana kwekuita machining mashandiro. Vabati vezvishandiso vanouya mumagadzirirwo akasiyana siyana kuti vagare mhando dzakasiyana dzekucheka maturusi.
2. Shank:Iyo shank chikamu chechishandiso chekucheka chinokwana mumudziyo wemidziyo. Iyo inowanzo cylindrical uye inosungirirwa zvakachengeteka mukati memubati. Iyo shank zviyero uye chimiro zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechishandiso uye dhizaini.
3. Cutting Edge:Iyo yekucheka chikamu chikamu chakapinza chechishandiso chinobata uye chinobvisa zvinhu kubva paworkpiece. Unhu hwekucheka uye geometry yayo inonyanya kukanganisa kucheka kwekuita uye kupera kwepamusoro. Zvakakosha kuchengetedza kupinza kwekucheka uye kurongeka.
4. Isa:Maturusi mazhinji emazuva ano ekucheka anoshandisa anotsiva anoiswa, ayo anowanzo kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaomarara senge carbide kana ceramic. Aya anopinza ane geometry yekucheka uye anochengeterwa muhomwe pane yekucheka chishandiso. Inogona kutenderedzwa kana kutsiviwa kana yasakara kana kukuvara, zvichirebesa hupenyu hwechishandiso.
5. Tool Nose:Iyo mhino yemudziyo ndiyo muromo chaiwo wekucheka chishandiso uko iyo yekucheka mupendero uye kuisa (kana yakashandiswa) inoungana. Iyo mhino yemudziyo inofanirwa kuve yakanyatso kurongeka uye kurongeka kune chaiyo machining. Mamwe maturusi ekucheka maturusi ane chinogadziriswa mhino radius yekudzora zvirinani pamusoro pekuita kwechishandiso.
6. Tool Flank:Chishandiso cheflank ndicho chikamu chepamusoro checheka chekucheka chisiri chikamu chekucheka. Makona ekubvisa akakodzera pane chishandiso flank anovimbisa kubuda kwechip uye kuderedza kupokana pakati pechishandiso uye workpiece.
7. Tool Rake Face:Chiso cherake chiri pamusoro pemudziyo wekucheka wakatarisana neworkpiece. Iyo kona uye mamiriro echiso cherake anokanganisa chip kugadzirwa uye kugona kwekucheka maitiro. Iyo rake angle chinhu chakakosha cheiyo geometry yechishandiso.
8. Chishandiso chekuyamura kona:Kona yekuremutsira ndiyo kona iri pakati pechombo chemberi neakisi yemudziyo. Iyo inova nechokwadi chekuti mupendero wekucheka haukweshe pakatarisana neworkpiece, kuderedza kukweshera uye kupisa chizvarwa.
9. Tool Clearance angle:Kona yekuchenesa ndiyo kona iri pakati pechiso cherake uye nzvimbo yebasa. Inobvumira machipisi kuti afambe zvakanaka uye anodzivirira kupindira pakati pechishandiso uye workpiece.
10. Chip Breaker (kana iripo):Mamwe maturusi ekucheka, kunyanya ayo anoshandiswa kuita roughing, ane chip breaker, groove kana notch pachiso cherake. Iyo chip breaker inobatsira mukudzora chip kugadzirwa uye kugadzirisa chip evacuation.

Kuunganidza kwakakodzera, kurongeka, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvikamu izvi zvakakosha pakubudirira kwakanyatso uye kunoshanda machining. Sarudzo yekucheka chishandiso uye kuseta kwayo kunofanirwa kugadziridzwa kune chaiyo machining mashandiro uye zvinhu zviri kushandiswa. Kugara uchiongorora uye kugadzirisa kwekucheka maturusi zvikamu zvinodiwawo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana uye chemhando yepamusoro mhedzisiro.

Kusarudza Chishandiso Chakakodzera Chekucheka Chebasa

Kusarudza iyo chaiyo yekucheka chishandiso isarudzo yakakosha mune chero machining mashandiro, sezvo ichipesvedzera zvakanyanya kunaka, kugona, uye kurongeka kwebasa. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera chekucheka kune rimwe basa. Heino gwara rekuti ungasarudza sei chekucheka chishandiso chepurojekiti yako yekugadzira:

1. Nyaya yeChishandiso:

Izvo zvinhu zvauri kugadzira ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakanyanya kukosha mukusarudza maturusi. Zvishandiso zvakasiyana zvine kuomarara kwakasiyana, kupisa conductivity, uye abrasiveness. Funga zvinotevera:

• Kuoma: Zvishandiso zvakaoma sesimbi yakaomeswa kana maceramics zvinoda maturusi ekucheka ane mipendero yakaoma yekucheka, senge carbide inoisa, kutsungirira masimba makuru ekucheka.
• Soft Materials: Pamidziyo yakapfava sealuminium kana mapurasitiki, simbi inomhanya-mhanya (HSS) kana zvimwe zvekushandisa zvinogona kukwana.

2. Machining Operation:

Kuvhiya chaiko kwauri kuita, sekutenderedza, kugaya, kuchera, kupinza, kana grooving, kunozoraira rudzi rwekucheka chombo chaunoda. Zvishandiso zvakasiyana zvakagadzirirwa mabasa akasiyana siyana, uye kusarudza iyo chaiyo inovimbisa kuita kwakakwana.

3. Kucheka Kukurumidza uye Kudya Kwekudya:

Sarudza inodiwa yekucheka kumhanya uye chiyero chekudya chinoenderana nechinhu uye machining mashandiro. Vagadziri vezvishandiso zvekucheka vanopa kurudziro yeaya ma paramita zvichienderana nedhizaini yechishandiso uye zvinhu zviri kugadzirwa. Kutevedzera kurudziro idzi kwakakosha kuti uwane mhedzisiro inodiwa.

4. Chishandiso Geometry:

Funga nezve geometry yechishandiso chekucheka, kusanganisira iyo rake angle, clearance angle, uye mudziyo mhino radius. Chishandiso chegeometry chinofanira kuenderana nezvinhu uye rudzi rwekucheka. Semuenzaniso, positive rake angle inokodzera zvinyoro zvinyoro, nepo negative rake angle iri nani kune zvinhu zvakaoma.

5. Workpiece Dimensions:

Saizi uye kuyerwa kwechishandiso chinokonzeresa kusarudzwa kwezvishandiso. Mamwe maturusi ekucheka akanyatsokodzera kuita roughing kuti abvise zvinhu zvakawanda nekukasira, nepo mamwe akagadzirirwa kupedzisa kuzadzisa zviyero uye kupera kwepasi.

6. Surface Pedzisa Zvinodiwa:

Kana iwe uchida kupedzisa kwepamusoro, sarudza chishandiso chekucheka chine yakakodzera geometry uye kupinza. Maturusi ekupedzisa akagadzirirwa kuti ape kutsetseka kwepamusoro pekupedzisira, nepo roughing maturusi ari kunyatso shanda pakubvisa zvinhu.

7. Tool Material:

Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvekushandisa kwakakosha. Carbide, high-speed simbi (HSS), ceramic, uye maturusi akavharidzirwa zvese zvine zvazvakanakira nezvazvinotadzisa. Funga zvinhu zvakaita sehupenyu hwematurusi, kuramba kupfeka, uye mutengo wechishandiso musarudzo yako.

8. Inotonhorera uye Kuzora:

Funga kana kuvhiyiwa kwekucheka kunoda kutonhorera kana mafuta. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoburitsa kupisa kwakanyanya panguva yekugadzira, uye kushandisa chaiyo inotonhorera kana lubricant kunogona kurebesa hupenyu hwematurusi uye kunatsiridza kucheka mashandiro.

9. Tool Coatings:

Maturusi mazhinji emazuva ano ekucheka anouya neakakosha machira seTiN (Titanium Nitride) kana TiAlN (Titanium Aluminium Nitride) kugadzirisa kusamira uye kuderedza kupokana. Sarudza chishandiso chine coating yakakodzera kune yako chaiyo application.

10. Mari Inotariswa:

Kuenzanisa mutengo wechishandiso chekucheka nekuita kwayo uye hupenyu hurefu kwakakosha. Nepo maturusi ekutanga achigona kupa hupenyu hurefu hwematurusi uye kuita zvirinani, zvakakosha kuti uwane chiyero chinowirirana nebhajeti reprojekiti yako.

11. Tool Holder uye Machine Kuenderana:

Ita shuwa kuti iyo yakasarudzwa yekucheka chishandiso inoenderana neako lathe kana machining Center's tool holder system. Mubati wemidziyo unofanirwa kupa kugadzikana uye kusimba kune chekucheka chishandiso panguva yekugadzira machining.

Pakupedzisira, iyo chaiyo yekucheka chishandiso chebasa ichaenderana nekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu izvi. Gara uchibvunza kurudziro yemugadziri wezvishandiso uye funga kutsvaga zano kubva kune vane ruzivo machinists kana maturusi nyanzvi kana usina chokwadi. Kusarudzwa kwechishandiso kwakakodzera uye kuseta kwakakosha pakuwana mhedzisiro uye chaiyo machining mhedzisiro.

Kugadzira iyo Lathe Yekucheka Tool

Kumisikidza chishandiso chekucheka lathe yeCNC kutendeuka inzira yakarongeka inosanganisira akati wandei akakosha matanho. Nhanho yega yega yakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti chishandiso chekucheka chakanyatsoiswa uye chakamisikidzwa, chinozotungamira kune chaiyo uye inoshanda machining. Ngatifambei mukuita nhanho nhanho:

Danho 1: Kugadzirira Lathe uye Workpiece

Usati wamisa chishandiso chekucheka, zvakakosha kugadzirira zvese lathe uye workpiece:

1. Chengetedza Workpiece: Ita shuwa kuti workpiece yakachengetedzwa zvakachengeteka mu lathe chuck kana collet. Ita shuwa kuti inotenderera zvakanaka pasina kuzununguka kana kudedera.
2. Kudzivirirwa: Ita shuwa kuti ese matanho ekuchengetedza aripo, kusanganisira kushandiswa kweakakodzera midziyo yekudzivirira (PPE) uye chaiyo lathe marongero.

Danho 2: Kusarudza Chaiyo Tool Holder

Mubati wezvishandiso chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirisa. Sarudza chibatiso chakakodzera chinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita serudzi rwechishandiso chekucheka, oparesheni iri kuitwa, uye lathe's tool post system.

1. Matanidza Chibatiso Chishandiso kune Chekucheka Tool: Ita shuwa kuti chibatiso chinoenderana nerudzi uye saizi yechishandiso chekucheka chauri kuda kushandisa.
2. Tool Holder Rigidity: Sarudza chibatiso chekushandisa chinopa kugadzikana uye kusimba. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mu-high-precision applications.

Nhanho 3: Kuisa iyo Yekucheka Tool

Kuisa chishandiso chekucheka kunosanganisira kuchichengetedza mumudziyo wemidziyo uye nekuona kuti chakamira uye chakamira zvakanaka:

1. Chengetedza Chishandiso Chekucheka: Isa mudziyo wekucheka mumudziyo wemidziyo uye simbisa chero nzira dzekusunga, seti seti screws kana collets. Ita shuwa kuti chishandiso chakabatwa zvakachengeteka.
2. Zvokutaurirana: Wona kuti chishandiso chekucheka chakanangana nemazvo maererano neruremekedzo kune workpiece. Chishandiso chinofanira kuiswa kuti chibatanidze workpiece pakona inodiwa nekudzika.

Nhanho 4: Kugadzirisa Hurefu hweChishandiso uye Centerline Alignment

Kureba kwechishandiso uye kurongeka kwepakati kwakakosha kuti uwane chaiwo machining zviyero:

1. Tool Height Kugadzirisa: Gadzirisa kureba kwemudziyo kuti uenderane nelathe's spindle centerline. Shandisa jeji yehurefu hwematurusi kana bhara rekuyedza kuseta chishandiso pahurefu chaihwo.
2. Centerline Alignment: Ita shuwa kuti chishandiso chakabatana nelathe's spindle centerline. Kusarongeka kunogona kukonzera kure-center machining, zvichikanganisa chikamu chaicho.

Nhanho 5: Kuisa Tool Nose Radius Muripo

Kune CNC kutendeuka, chishandiso chemhino radius muripo maakaundi eiyo geometry yechishandiso chekucheka. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana uchishandisa maturusi ekuisa:

1. Sarudza iyo Tool Nose Radius: Yeresa kana kutarisa kumusoro chaiko mhino yeradius yekucheka chishandiso chekuisa chauri kushandisa.
2. Isa iyo Radius Value: MuCNC control software, isa iyo yakayerwa mudziyo mhino radius kukosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti muchina unobhadhara jiometry yechishandiso kana uchigadzira.

Nhanho 6: Kuisa Tool Offsets

Tool offsets account yekusiyana kwezviyero zvemidziyo uye workpiece geometry. Ivo vanove nechokwadi chekuti chinzvimbo chechishandiso chakagadziridzwa nemachining:

1. Sarudza Chaiyo Tool Offset: Sarudza chakakodzera chishandiso chekugadzirisa kukosha kwakavakirwa pane chishandiso geometry uye machining mashandiro. Kukosha uku kunotsiva chero kusawirirana.
2. Isa Offset Values: Isa yakasarudzwa offset tsika muCNC control software. Aya maitiro acharaira muchina kuti ungagadzirisa sei chinzvimbo chechombo nemazvo.

Munguva yese yekuseta maturusi, shandisa chaiyo yekuyeresa zviridzwa semamicrometer, kureba geji, uye dial zviratidzo kuti uone uye kurongeka kwechishandiso. Gara uchiongorora uye chengetedza chishandiso chekucheka kuti uone kuti chinoramba chakapinza uye chiri muchimiro chakanaka, sechishandiso chakanyatso chengetwa chinobatsira kuenderana uye kwakaringana machining mhedzisiro.

Kumisikidza nemazvo mudziyo wekucheka lathe mumatanho aya kwakakosha kuti uwane mibairo yakakwana muCNC inoshandura mashandiro. Kurongeka uye kutarisisa kune zvakadzama panguva yekuseta maturusi zvinhu zvakakosha mukugadzira emhando yepamusoro michina yemuchina.

Kugadzirisa Kucheka Paramita yeCNC Kutendeuka

Kugadzirisa maparamendi ekucheka kwakakosha kuti uwane hunyanzvi uye hwemhando yepamusoro CNC kutendeuka mashandiro. Iwo mana akakosha maficha ekutarisisa kana optimize yekucheka maparamendi kumhanya uye mafeed, kudzika kwekucheka, kucheka zvinwiwa uye mafuta ekuzora, uye chishandiso chekuchengetedza hupenyu.

1. Mamhanyiro uye Zvekudya:

• a. Kucheka Speed ​​(Surface Speed):Kucheka kumhanya, kunowanzo kunzi kumhanyisa kwepamusoro, ndiko kumhanya uko kunopindirana iyo workpiece uye yekucheka chishandiso. Inopimwa netsoka dzepamusoro paminiti (SFM) kana mamita paminiti (m/min). Kuti uwedzere kumhanya kwekucheka, funga nezvezvinhu zviri kugadzirwa uye zvinhu zvemudziyo. Maturusi eSimbi yepamusoro-soro (HSS) ane masipidhi ekucheka akaderera kupfuura maturusi ecarbide, semuenzaniso.Ona data remugadziri wezvishandiso kana mabhuku ekugadzira machining kuti uone kumhanya kunokurudzirwa kuchekwa kwezvinhu zvakanangana nekushandisa.
• b. Feed Rate:Chiyero chekudya ndiyo mutsara kumhanya uko chishandiso chekucheka chinofambira mberi mune workpiece. Inopimwa mumainch per revolution (IPR) kana mamillimeters per revolution (mm/rev).Kuti uwedzere mwero wekudya, funga zvinhu zvakaita sezvimiro, jiometri yechishandiso, uye kupera kwaunoda. Mareti ekudya epamusoro anowanzo gadzira asi angangoda kusimba kwekushandisa.
• c. Kucheka Kumhanya uye Feed Rate Hukama:Kuenzanisa kucheka kumhanya uye chiyero chekudya kwakakosha pakubvisa zvinhu zvakanaka. Kuwedzera kwekumhanya kwekucheka kazhinji kunobvumira chiyero chepamusoro chekudya, asi izvo zviviri zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa pamwechete kudzivirira kupfeka kwechishandiso uye kupisa.

2. Kudzika Kwekucheka:

• a. Kudzika Kwekucheka (DOC):Iyo yakadzika yekucheka ndiyo chinhambwe icho chishandiso chekucheka chinopinda mukati meiyo workpiece. Izvo zvakakosha kuti utarise zvinhu uye chishandiso kugona.Optimize kudzika kwekucheka kunoenderana nekuoma kwechinhu uye kusimba kwemudziyo nekuoma. Kucheka kwakadzika kungave kuri madikanwa kune zvinhu zvakaomarara, nepo kudzika kwakadzika kunogona kuwanikwa mumidziyo yakapfava.
• b. Axial uye Radial Kudzika Kwekucheka:Mukutendeuka kweCNC, funga ese ari maviri axial (pamwe nehurefu hwechishandiso) uye radial (kuyambuka dhayamita yeworkpiece) kudzika kwekucheka. Kudzika kwakanyanya kune yega yega kuchasiyana zvichienderana nekushanda uye zvinhu.

3. Kucheka Zvifuru neMafuta:

• a. Kusarudza Rudyi Chekucheka Fluid:Kucheka zvinwiwa kwakakosha pakubvisa kupisa, kuderedza kukweshera, nekuvandudza chip evacuation. Sarudza mvura yekucheka yakakodzera inobva pane zvinhu uye machining operation.Water-soluble coolant, mineral oil-based, kana synthetic coolants inogona kusarudzwa kune zvakasiyana-siyana.
• b. Yakakodzera Application:Isa zvinwiwa zvekucheka zvinobudirira kunzvimbo yekucheka kuti uve nechokwadi chekuzora uye kutonhora kwakakwana. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nekutonhodzwa kwemafashama, masisitimu emhute, kana kuburikidza ne-chishandiso chinotonhorera kuendesa, zvichienderana nekugona kwemuchina.
• c. Kuongorora uye Kuchengetedza:Gara uchitarisa kucheka mazinga emvura, mamiriro, uye kusvibiswa kuti uone kuti zvinoramba zvichishanda. Chengetedza kucheka masisitimu emvura kudzivirira nyaya dzakadai sekukura kwebhakitiriya uye kudzikira.

4. Tool Life Management:

• a. Kuongorora uye Kugadzirisa Chishandiso:Ita chirongwa chekuongorora chekushandisa uye chekugadzirisa kuti uone kuti maturusi ari mumamiriro akanaka. Maturusi asina kusimba kana akakuvadzwa anogona kukonzera kushomeka kwemhando uye kuderedzwa kwehupenyu hwematurusi.
• b. Tool Replacement Chirongwa:Gadzira chishandiso chekutsiva hurongwa zvichibva pazvinhu zvakaita sekupfeka kwemidziyo, nguva yemuchina, uye zvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira kutadza kusingatarisirwi kwechishandiso uye kuchengetedza kunoenderana machining mhando.
• c. Tool Life Optimization:Zvimwe zvekushandisa uye machira zvinopa hupenyu hurefu hwematurusi. Funga kushandisa yepamusoro-inoshanda turusi kukwenenzvera hupenyu hwematurusi uye kuderedza kugadzirwa nguva.
• d. Tool Chip Control:Inoshanda chip control, kusanganisira kushandisa chip breakers uye yakakodzera chishandiso geometry, inogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwechishandiso nekudzikisa kupfeka-chip-induced.

Kugadzirisa maparamita ekucheka muCNC kutendeuka inzira inoenderera. Kuedza uye kunyatsogadzirisa kunogona kudikanwa kuti uwane akanakisa paramita kune chaiyo application. Gara uchitarisa uye gadzirisa aya ma paramita kuti ave nechokwadi chekushanda kwemachining, hupenyu hwezvishandiso, uye chikamu chemhando. Yakakwenenzverwa kucheka maparamendi haingonatsiridza machining mashandiro asi zvakare kuderedza maturusi kupfeka uye, pakupedzisira, mutengo wekugadzira.

Kugadzirisa Matambudziko Anowanikwa muTool Setting

Kugadzirisa matambudziko akajairika mukumisikidzwa kwezvishandiso hunyanzvi hwakakosha kune machinists uye CNC vanoshanda. Kunzwisisa uye kugadzirisa nyaya idzi kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza kurongeka uye kunaka kwemashandiro emuchina. Heano mamwe akajairika maturusi ekuseta matambudziko uye mhinduro dzawo:

1. Tool Chatter:

Issue: Kukurukurirana kwemidziyo kunoitika kana mudziyo wekucheka uchizunguzika panguva yekugadzira, zvichitungamira kukupera kwakashata kwepamusoro, kupera kwezvishandiso, uye kukuvara kunogona kuitika kune workpiece.

Solution:

1. Deredza Kumhanya kana Wedzera Kudya: Gadzirisa maparamita ekucheka nekudzikisa kumhanya kwekucheka kana kuwedzera chiyero chekudya. Shanduko iyi inogona kudzikisira kudengenyeka uye kuderedza kutaura.
2. Tarisa Tool Rigidity: Ita shuwa kuti chibatiso uye chishandiso chakachengetedzwa nemazvo uye kuti chishandiso hachipfuurire kure nemubati.
3. Tarisa Workpiece Clamping: Ita shuwa kuti workpiece yakachengetedzwa zvakachengeteka kudzivirira chero workpiece-inoenderana nekudengenyeka.
4. Shandisa Maitiro ekuderedza: Mimwe michina inouya iine maficha ekunyorovesa vibrations. Kana zviripo, funga kuzvishandisa.
5. Sarudza Chishandiso Chakasimba: Chimbo chakasimba, senge chine nyere shoma, chinogona kubatsira kuderedza kutaura.

2. Yakashata Yepamusoro Pedzisa:

Issue: Kupera kwakashata kwepamusoro kunogona kukonzeresa kubva kune nyaya nekugadzika kwechishandiso kana kucheka maparamita, zvichitungamira kune dzakashata kana kusawirirana pane iyo workpiece.

Solution:

1. Tarisa Tool Geometry: Iva nechokwadi chekuti geometry yemudziyo wekucheka inokodzera kushanda. Chishandiso chakapinza chine geometry chaiyo yakakosha kuti uwane yakanaka kupera kwepamusoro.
2. Optimize Kucheka Parameters: Rongedza kumhanya kwekucheka, chiyero chekudyisa, uye kudzika kwekucheka kuti uwane yakanakisa musanganiswa weiyo chaiyo zvinhu uye kushanda.
3. Tarisa kune Tool Wear: Ongorora chishandiso kuona zviratidzo zvekusakara kana kukuvadzwa, senge cheka mipendero. Tsiva kana kugaya zvakare chishandiso sezvinodiwa.
4. Shandisa Mvura Yakakodzera Yekucheka: Kuzora kwakakodzera uye kutonhora kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kupera kwepamusoro. Shandisa iyo yakakodzera yekucheka fluid yezvinhu uye kushanda.
5. Deredza Vibration: Gadzirisa nyaya dze vibration kuti usaite kusarongeka kwepamusoro.

3. Dimensional Inaccuracies:

Issue: Zvikamu zvinogona kunge zviine zviyero zvisirizvo nekuda kwekushandisa zvisina kurongeka kana kupfeka kwemidziyo.

Solution:

1. Tarisa Tool Setup: Tarisa kuti chishandiso chakanyatso kumisikidzwa nehurefu hwakakodzera uye kurongeka zvine ruremekedzo kune workpiece.
2. Calibrate Machine: Ita shuwa kuti muchina weCNC wakanyatsogadziriswa uye kuti unodudzira nemazvo maturusi ekubvisa uye data rekushandisa.
3. Rongedza Tool Offsets: Rongedza chero zvikanganiso mumidziyo yekushandisa nekuyera nemazvo chishandiso uye nekuisa iyo yakakodzera offset kukosha mukutonga kweCNC.
4. Ongorora Tool Wear: Gara uchiongorora mudziyo wekucheka kuti wakasakara wotsiva kana kuugaya pazvinenge zvakakodzera.

4. Chip Kudzora Matambudziko:

Issue: Zvisizvo chip control inogona kutungamira kune nyaya dzakadai se chip clogging, kushata chip evacuation, uye kukuvadza kune workpiece kana chishandiso.

Solution:

1. Sarudza iyo Yakakodzera Tool Geometry: Sarudza chishandiso chekucheka chine yakakodzera chip breaker kana geometry yezvinhu uye kushanda.
2. Optimize Kucheka Parameters: Gadzirisa mareti ekudya, kumhanya kwekucheka, uye kudzika kwekucheka kuti uwedzere chip kugadzirwa uye kubuda.
3. Shandisa Lubrication Yakakwana: Kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemvura yekucheka kunogona kubatsira kuzora uye kufambisa chip evacuation.
4. Tarisa Tool uye Workpiece Alignment: Ita shuwa kuti chishandiso chakanyatso kuenderana neworkpiece kudzivirira nyaya dzine chekuita nechip.

5. Kuputsika kweChishandiso:

Issue: Kutyoka kwechishandiso kunogona kuitika nekuda kwesimba rakawandisa, zvisizvo kuseta chishandiso, kana nyaya dzine chekuita nezvinhu.

Solution:

1. Optimize Kucheka Parameters: Deredza masimba ekucheka nekugadzirisa maparameter senge mareti ekudya, kumhanya kwekucheka, uye kudzika kwekucheka.
2. Tarisa Tool Setup: Ita shuwa kuti chishandiso chakaiswa zvakachengetedzeka mumudziyo wemudziyo uye kuti chakanyatsoenderana.
3. Shandisa Zvakakodzera Tool Material: Sarudza chakakodzera chishandiso zvinhu kune chaiyo zvinhu zvauri kugadzira. Semuenzaniso, maturusi e-carbide ari nani kune zvinhu zvakaoma.
4. Ongorora Tool Wear: Gara uchitarisa chishandiso chezviratidzo zvekusakara wochitsiva chisati chanyanya kupfekwa uye chinoda kutsemuka.

Kugadzirisa izvi zvakajairika maturusi ekugadzirisa nyaya kunoda musanganiswa wekudzidziswa kwakaringana, kugadzirisa nguva dzose, uye nzira yakarongeka yekugadzirisa matambudziko. Iko kugona kuongorora nekugadzirisa matambudziko ane chekuita nemidziyo kwakakosha kuti uwane mhedzisiro yemhando yepamusoro uye inoshanda yemachina.

Mhedziso

Maitiro ekumisikidza uye nekugonesa lathe yekucheka maturusi eCNC kutendeuka chinhu chakakosha chemuchina chinokanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka, kunyatsoita, uye nemazvo maitiro ekugadzira. Kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvikamu uye mabasa ekucheka maturusi, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvinosanganisirwa mukusarudza maturusi, zvakakosha kune machinists uye CNC vanoshanda.

Kumisikidza nemazvo chishandiso chekucheka kunosanganisira nzira yakarongeka, kubva pakugadzirira lathe uye workpiece kusvika pakusarudza chibatiso chakakodzera, kukwirisa chishandiso, kugadzirisa kureba kwechishandiso uye kurongeka kwepakati, uye kugadzirisa mhino yemhino muripo uye zvigadziriso zvechishandiso. Nhanho yega yega inoita basa rakakosha mukuwana chaiyo uye inoshanda machining mhedzisiro.

Kugadziridza maparamendi ekucheka, anosanganisira kumhanya uye mafidhi, kudzika kwekucheka, kucheka zvinwiwa, uye chishandiso chehupenyu manejimendi, chimwe chinhu chakakosha cheCNC kutendeuka. Nekunyatsosarudza maparamendi akakodzera, machinists anogona kuwedzera chibereko, kuchengetedza hupenyu hurefu hwechishandiso, uye kuvandudza kunaka kwekupedzisa kwepamusoro.

Chekupedzisira, kukwanisa kugadzirisa zvakajairika maturusi ezvishandiso, sekutaura kwechishandiso, kupera kwakashata kwepamusoro, kusarongeka, matambudziko ekudzora chip, uye kuputsika kwechishandiso, zvakakosha pakuchengetedza mhedzisiro uye yemhando yepamusoro machining. Kuziva nyaya idzi uye kushandisa mhinduro dzakakodzera kunovimbisa kuti machining maitiro anoramba akatsiga uye anoshanda.

Pakazere, kunzwisiswa kwakazara kwematurusi ekucheka maturusi uye kuseta kwavo, kwakasanganiswa nekugona kukwidziridza maparamendi ekucheka uye matambudziko ekugadzirisa matambudziko, inopa simba machinists kuti vawane mhedzisiro yakanakisa muCNC kushandura mashandiro. Kuenderera mberi nekudzidza, kudzidziswa, uye ruzivo ndizvo zvakakosha mukunatsiridza hunyanzvi uhu uye kuve nechokwadi chekubudirira machining maitiro.