Iyo Tsvagiridzo PaNi-Si Alloy Slender Shaft Turning Technology

1. ziviso

Yakakwira-tembiricha maalloys anonzi zvakare kupisa-asingagadzi maalloys kana kupisa-simba alloys. Iyo yakaoma yakaoma-yezvinhu chiwanikwa inoenderana nesimbi, nickel, cobalt, titanium, nezvimwewo, uye inogona kushanda pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya oxidation nharaunda uye gasi ngura mamiriro e600 ~ 1000 ℃. Uyezve, inogona kushanda kwenguva yakareba pasi peimwe kushushikana, uye ine yakanakisa tembiricha simba, kudziya kwemafuta uye kupisa kwekuneta kuita.

Zvisinei, ma-alloys ane tembiricha yepamusoro akaomarara, ane kuomarara kwakapfuura 250HBS, simba >b> 0.98GPa, kukwirisa δ> 30%, kukosha kweak> ak> 9.8 × 105J / m2, kupisa kwekushisa k <41.9W / (M2 ℃), High tembiricha nemishonga zvakananga kunowedzera kuoma kugadzira. Pasi pechiitiko chakabatanidzwa chemasimba makuru ekucheka uye tembiricha yakakwira panguva yekugadzirisa, chishandiso chinogadzira zvidimbu kana deformation, zvobva zvatyoka; Uye zvakare, iyi mhando yealloy inokurumidza kugadzira basa rinoomesa chiitiko, uye workpiece ichagadzirwa panguva yekugadzirisa. Iyo yakaoma yakaoma pamusoro pechishandiso inokonzeresa iyo yekucheka kumucheto kwechishandiso kuburitsa zvipenga mukudzika kwekucheka, uye kukonzera kusagadzikana kushushikana pane iyo workpiece, uye kuparadza iyo geometric kunyatso kweakagadzirwa machini zvikamu.

2. Yazvino mamiriro ekuongorora

Vadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika vakaita tsvakurudzo dzakawanda pamusoro pekucheka kwema superalloys. Muna 1939, yeBritish Mond Nickel Company (International Nickel Company) yakatanga kugadzira nickel-based alloy Nimonic 75, uyezve iyo Nimonic 80 yakashandiswa zvakabudirira mune blade zvinhu zveinjini dze turbojet, ichiumba iyo Nimonic nickel-based alloy series. Mukutanga kwa1940, United States yakagadzira Hastelloy B nickel-based alloy yekushandisa muGE's Bellp-59 jet injini. Muna 1950, American PW Company, GE Company uye Special Metal Company yakagadzira Waspalloy, M-252 uye Udmit 500 alloys zvakateedzana, ndokuumba Inconel, Mar-M uye Udmit mamaki pachikonzero ichi, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumagetsi turbine. . Kubva 1940 kusvika pakati pa1950, iyo alloy murwiyo yakagadziriswa. 1950: Kubuda kwevhisi yekunyungudika tekinoroji kwakaita kuti kuve nekuwanda kwenhamba yepamusoro-soro yekukanda superalloys dzakadai saMar-M200 uye Muna 100. Mushure ma1960, kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro matsva senge wedirectional solidification, imwechete kristalo alloys, upfu hwesimbi, zvemagetsi kunyorera, uye zvedongo kusefa isothermal forging Ndazove huru yekutyaira kukudziridza superalloys. Saizvozvo, vadzidzi vepamba vakaitawo tsvagiridzo zhinji. Kubva 1956 kusvika 1957, GH3030, GH4033, GH34 uye K412 alloys dzakabudirira kuyedzwa-kugadzirwa kune WP-5 injini; muna 1960, GH4037, GH3039, GH3044, GH4049, GH3128, K417 nemamwe maalloys zvakateedzana zvakayedzwa-zvakagadzirwa. Yakabudirira kubudirira; zvakare akateedzana akateedzera batch ye superalloys kune akasiyana maroketi injini; Panguva imwecheteyo, superalloys dzakatanga kuve dzakakurumbira uye dzichishandiswa kune vehurumende maindasitiri zvikamu, senge dhiziri turbocharger, pasi gasi turbines, nezvimwewo, uye batch yeakanyanya-tembiricha inodzivirira alloys akagadzirwa imwe mushure meimwe. Abrasion uye ngura isingamiriri superalloys; muna 1970, kugadzirwa kwekuyedza uye kutsvagisa kwesuperalloys kwakatanga kuumbwa. Kubudikidza nekuteedzera, kugaya uye kuvandudza kweSoviet superalloys seyakanyanya chiwanikwa uye nehunhu hwayo, yasvika kana kupfuura muyero weSoviet uye chaiyo nhanho. Zvese zvinhu zvinodiwa kune injini zvakavakirwa muChina.

Parizvino, iyo kambani zvabatanidza uye inodzosera haina yakakwira-tembiricha chiwanikwa magoko. Suzhou Huatan anopa Halliburton uye anowanzo gadzira alloys yepamusoro-tembiricha. Iyo Guiyang Chigadzirwa Chikamu chinotarisira kucheka parameter, zvishandiso zvematombo nemakona, kutonhora uye lubrication, uye zvigadzirwa panguva yekugadziriswa kweakanyanya-tembiricha maalloys. Kutsvaga kwakarongeka nezvekuita hakuna kukwana, uye kwakarongeka kutsvagisa kwepamusoro-tembiricha chiwanikwa kugadzirisa kuri kudiwa nekukurumidza kuisa hwaro hwekugadzira kwakawanda kwemhando yepamusoro zvabatanidza mune ramangwana. Naizvozvo, pane kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwekuita tsvagiridzo yepamusoro-tembiricha chiwanikwa kugadzira tekinoroji kusangana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvekugadzira musangano.

3. Chikamu chechimiro kuongorora

Nhengo dzemuviri dzetsono dzakatetepa mugodhi zvinoda yakakwira michini simba uye yakasimba inokambaira kumanikidza pakakwirira tembiricha. Hurefu hwese hwetsono yemuviri ndi32mm, uye madimeter acho akateedzana φ1.2mm, -1.5mm, uye -1.58mm, ayo ari eakaonda. mugodhi zvikamu. , Zviri nyore kuti deform panguva kugadzira, uye deformation inoda kudzorwa kusangana kugadzirwa zvinodiwa.

4. Kusarudza maturusi

Sezvo kugadziriswa kweiyo nickel-silicon alloy inoda kuomarara kwakanyanya, kuumbwa kwakasimba, kwakanaka kupisa kutapisa, uye yakasimba tembiricha chiitiko, kunyanya pa600 ℃, ichaumba mhinduro yakasimba neoksijeni uye nitrogen. Kana uchigadzirisa nickel-silicon alloy, kuoma kwepamusoro kuchawedzera zvakanyanya. Ine simba rekushungurudza. Nekuda kwekupfeka-kuramba uye kupisa kwekupisa kwemidziyo yakaputirwa, maturusi ekushandisa anofanirwa kushandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pakugadzirisa epamusoro-tembiricha chiwanikwa zvikamu.

Akafukidzwa simende carbide maturusi anenge akakodzera kucheka kwakasiyana-siyana kwakaomarara-kumuchina zvinhu, asi mashandiro eiyo kupfeka (kuroora kwekupfeka uye kwakasanganiswa kupfeka) kwakasiyana zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, machira akakodzera anofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana akasiyana ekugadzirisa zvinhu Chishandiso chinhu. Dhaimondi-yakavharwa cemented carbide uye DLC (Diamond Senge Carbon) yakavharwa yakaomeswa carbide inowedzera kuwedzera mashandisirwo ezvekushandisa maturusi, uye nekusaona sarudza nyowani nyowani nyowani kunze kweicho chaicho chekugadzirisa zvido, izvo zvinogona zvakare kuwedzera mari yekugadzirisa uye kushandisa zvishandiso zvitsva Kana uchiisa banga , kana iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanya uye yekudyisa mwero zvisirizvo, zvinokanganisawo mhando yeiyo workpiece uye hupenyu hwehupenyu hwechishandiso. Naizvozvo, kana uchisarudza yekucheka inoisa zvinhu zvakaoma-kumuchina, zvakafanira kuti utarise nenzira kwayo hupfumi hwekugadzirisa uye nekufungisisa zvizere nezve kuita kwese kuita.

Kubva pane kuongororwa kwesarudzo yezvishandiso, chinyorwa ichi chinosarudza Kyocera yakakosha nickel alloy yekugadzirisa inoisa uye Sandvik yakakosha nickel alloy inoisa yekugadzirisa zviedzo. Iko mashandiro emidziyo yekucheka inoratidzwa muTafura 1.

5. Kuongorora kwekucheka mvura

Iyo yekucheka Urume inogona kunge iri yemvura-yakavakirwa yekucheka emvura, iyo ine inokurumidza kupisa kutamisa uye yakanaka fluidity. Izvo hazvigoneke kushandisa chlorine-ine yekucheka fluid. Iyo haigone kusanganiswa nealuminium, zinc uye alloys yayo, mhangura netini panguva yekugadzirisa. Kana iyo yekucheka inoyerera iine Chlorine inoora uye inosunungura hydrogen patembiricha dzakakwirira panguva yekucheka, izvo zvinokonzeresa epidermal embrittlement mushure mekusvirwa nenickel, uye inogona zvakare kukonzera yakanyanya-tembiricha yekushushikana nehusimbe kutsemuka kwenikisi alloys.

Musangano wekucheka fluid unonyanya kushandisa iyo Flowserve brand, iyo modhi ECOCOOL EM5 yakasviba yemvura chena-inogadziriswa mvura yekucheka, uye makemikari ayo anoratidzwa muTafura 2. Inogona kuonwa kubva kuTafura 2 kuti iyi yekucheka mvura iri mumvura, chikuru chinhu chicherwa oiri, haina klorini, uye zvinowirirana zvinodiwa machine nickel alloys. Izvi zvinocheka mvura zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa nickel chiwanikwa machine.

6.Gibbscam software chirongwa

GibbsCAM iyi CAM software yezvikamu cnc machine, kunyanya CAM kugadzirisa mhinduro mumunda wekutendeuka uye wekugaya. Pamusoro pekutendeuka uye yekugaya, inotsigirawo 2-axis kusvika ku5-axis yekugaya, kutendeuka, yakabatana kugadzira mining-task machining uye waya yekucheka. Chinhu chayo chikuru ndechekufupika kwayo interface, zviri nyore kudzidza uye kushandisa, uye mashandiro maitiro anoenderana chaizvo nemaitiro edu ehunyanzvi. Yakapinda mumusika weChinese munaJune 2008. Kambani yedu yakatenga software muna Chikunguru 2009. Inonyanya kushandiswa mukambani yedhijitari kutendeuka, kudhizaira kwedhijitari, kutendeuka-kugaya zvikamu uye zvishanu-axis machining nzvimbo. Rudzi rwemidziyo iyi rwuri kutendeuka, kugaya, uye kuchera. , Inofinha, kubatanidza (slots) uye mamwe mabasa, iine X, Y, Z, C, E uye A matemo. Iyo CAM software inogona kushandiswa kune chero yakawanda-axis linkage kuti ione kugadziriswa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaoma. Nekusiyana uye kuomarara kwezvikamu zvitsva, zvakakosha kushandisa chirongwa cheNC kuronga. Iyo yekushandisa nzira yeiyo yakatetepa shaft chikamu inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 4.

7. Kutendeuka kugadzirisa ongororo kuongorora

Sezvo iyo yekucheka otomatiki kutendeuka ndeyeye-akacheka kutendeuka munzvimbo, iyo yekucheka simba yakakura, iyo inokonzeresa kuti zvikamu zvive nyore kuremara uye yepamusoro mhando iri murombo. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uongorore chikamu chimwe nechimwe, kugadzirisa kusiana munguva, uye nekuchinja iwo maparamendi echirongwa uye muripo wezvishandiso. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuti iyo yekugadzirisa michina ndeye longitudinal yekucheka otomatiki mota, iyo michina haina kukamura yakashata uye yakanaka machining, uye zvese zvakadzikama kurongeka kunoitwa mune imwechete kupfuura, saka zvakakwirira zvinodiwa zvinoiswa pane chishandiso mashandiro.

Kana uchicheka nickel-chromium-nickel-silicon alloy, iyo yekucheka tembiricha yakakwira, chishandiso mukurumari yakaderera, uye yekucheka kumhanya ine simba rakakura pane yekucheka tembiricha. Kazhinji, iyo cemented carbide chishandiso inochengetwa pa650 ℃ ～ 750 ℃. Kuburikidza neakaverengeka ekuyedza kuyedza, anotevera ekucheka ma parameter anowanikwa:

1) Kucheka nekukurumidza vc

Yekumhanyisa kumhanya ine chinokanganisa zvakanyanya mukugara kwechombo. Izvo zvakanakisa kumisikidza yekumhanyisa kumhanya pasi pemamiriro ekushomeka kupfeka kwechishandiso. Inogona kuiswa maererano neukukutu nekucheka kudzika kwakasiyana kwekucheka zvinhu. Edza kusarudza yakaderera yekucheka kumhanya kuti ushandise nickel alloys. Kazhinji, isina kugaya ndeye 20-50m / min, uye yakanaka milling ndeye 40-70m / min;

2) Kudya huwandu f

Chiyero chekupa chikafu hachinei nemhedzisiro yekugara kwechombo. Muchiitiko chekuona iko kusanzwisisika kwepamusoro kwemashini, chiyero chakakura chekudya chinogona kusarudzwa. Kazhinji, 0.003 ～ 0.006mm / r inogona kusarudzwa, uye chiyero chekudya hachigone kuve chakanyanya kukura. Zvakawanda zvichaita kuti chishandiso chipfeke nekukurumidza, kuwedzera simba rekucheka, uye kukonzera kushomeka kwezvikamu. Naizvozvo, kazhinji hazvifanirwe kunge zvakakura kupfuura 0.006 mm / r;

3) Kudzika kwekucheka ap

Iyo yekucheka kudzika ine hushoma mhedzisiro mukugara kwechombo. Kazhinji, yakadzika yekucheka kudzika inogona kushandiswa kutanga, iyo inogona kudzivirira chishandiso chishandiso kubva mukucheka mune yakaomeswa dura, uye inogona zvakare kuwedzera iko kushanda kwekureba kwechishandiso pamupendero, izvo zvinobatsira kupisa kupisa. Kudimikira kushivirira, kudzika kwekucheka kwakaenzana neisina chinhu kubvisa saizi yechikamu, uye haigadziriswe nemaoko.

Kubudikidza nekushandiswa kweKyocera yakasarudzika nickel alloy yekugadzirisa mashizha uye Sandvik yakasarudzika nickel alloy mashizha ekugadzirisa ongororo, chikamu cnc machining mhedzisiro inoratidzwa muMifananidzo 5 ne 6. Kuonekwa kwepamusoro kwezvikamu kwakanaka, uye chishandiso hachina kupfeka kuri pachena; iro hukasha hwezvikamu zvakagadziriswa neSandvik mashizha akakura, asingakwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nemifananidzo. Naizvozvo, maKyocera mashizha anoshandiswa kune ekunze macircuit mashizha. Kana brand ichida kugadziriswa, Kyocera blade inosarudzwa.

8. pfupiso

Kutarisira padambudziko rekuti nickel-chromium-nickel-silicon alloy macomputer haina kugona kugadzirisa, chinyorwa ichi chinotanga kubva pane zvekushandisa uye maparamendi ekugadzirisa, inoitisa yakawanda bvunzo bvunzo, inowana chishandiso chakakodzera nickel-chromium- nickel-nesilicon chiwanikwa kugadzira, optimizes iyo yekugadzirisa parameter, uye kugadzirisa dambudziko. Kugadzirisa dambudziko reNikel-chromium-nickel-silicon alloy kugadzira, musangano uyu wakakwanisa kugadzirisa zvinhu kubva pakutadza kuzvigadzirisa. Kwenguva yekutanga, ine kugona kugadzirisa nickel-chromium-nickel-silicon alloy zvinhu, iyo inovandudza zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwemhando uye cnc machine kugona kwezvikamu. Iyo batch kugadzirwa kweiyo alloy vanobatana vakaisa hwaro.

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