1. Mhedzisiro yehutano hwekugadzirisa kupisa pakuvandudza simba rekuneta kwemabhoti

Kwenguva yakareba, motokari fasteners akadzorwa nehunhu hwekutanga hwemhando dzakasiyana siyana, mhando, uye zvakatemwa. Kusarudzwa kwayo uye kushandiswa kunosanganisira kuongororwa kwemaitiro, dhizaini yekubatanidza, kutadza uye kuongororwa kuneta, corrosion zvinodiwa uye nzira dzegungano, uye zvine chekuita Izvi zvinhu zvinotarisa mhando yekupedzisira uye kuvimbika kwezvigadzirwa zvemotokari kusvika pamwero mukuru.

Hupenyu hwekuneta hwemotokari dzepamusoro-simba mabhoti agara ari nyaya yakakosha. Data inoratidza kuti kukundikana kwakawanda kwemabhaudhi kunokonzerwa nekuneta kutadza, uye panenge pasina chiratidzo chekuneta kukundikana kwebhaudhi. Nokudaro, njodzi huru dzinogona kuitika kana kuneta kunoitika. Kurapa kwekupisa kunogona kukwirisa zvivakwa zvefastener zvinhu uye kuwedzera kuneta kwavo simba. Tichifunga nezvekuwedzera kwekushandisa zvinodiwa zvepamusoro-simba mabhoti, zvinonyanya kukosha kuvandudza kuneta kusimba kwezvinhu zvebhoti kuburikidza nekupisa kupisa.

1. Kutanga kwekuneta kunotsemuka mumidziyo

Nzvimbo iyo kuneta kunotanga kunotanga inonzi fatigue source. Iko kuneta kunobva kune zvakanyanya kune microstructure yebhaudhi, uye inogona kutanga kuneta kutsemuka padiki diki, kazhinji mukati me3 kusvika ku5 saizi yezviyo. Unhu hwepamusoro hwebhoti ndiro dambudziko guru. Kunobva kuneta, kuneta kwakawanda kunotanga kubva pabhaudhi repamusoro kana pasi pevhu. Huwandu hukuru hwekutsemuka, mamwe maalloying zvinhu kana kusvibiswa mukristaro yebhoti zvinhu, uye mutsauko mukusimba kwemuganho wezviyo zvese zvinogona kutungamirira kune kuneta crack initiation. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuneta kutsemuka kunowanzoitika munzvimbo dzinotevera: miganhu yezviyo, inclusions yepamusoro kana yechipiri-phase particles, uye cavities. Idzi nzvimbo dzese dzine hukama kune yakaoma uye inoshanduka microstructure yezvinhu. Kana iyo microstructure inogona kuvandudzwa mushure mekupisa kurapwa, kuneta kwesimba rebhoti zvinhu zvinogona kuvandudzwa kune imwe nhanho.

2. Mhedzisiro ye decarburization pane kuneta simba

Decarburization yebhaudhi yepamusoro inoderedza kuoma kwepasi uye kupfeka kuramba kwebhoti mushure mekudzima, uye zvakanyanya kuderedza kuneta kwesimba rebhoti. Pane decarburization bvunzo yekuita bhoti muGB/T3098.1 chiyero, uye kudzika kwepamusoro decarburization kunotsanangurwa. Pakuongorora zvikonzero zvekutadza kwe35CrMo hub bolts, zvakaonekwa kuti pakanga paine decarburized layer panosangana shinda uye tsvimbo. Fe3C inogona kuita neO2, H2O, uye H2 pakupisa kwepamusoro kuderedza Fe3C muzvinyorwa zvebhoti, nokudaro zvichiwedzera ferrite chikamu chezvinyorwa zvebhoti, kuderedza simba rezvinyorwa zvebhoti, uye nyore kukonzera micro-cracks. Mukuita kupisa kwekupisa, kupisa kwekushisa kunofanirwa kudzorwa zvakanaka, uye panguva imwechete, iyo inodzoreka mamiriro ekudzivirira kupisa inofanira kushandiswa kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.

3. Mhedzisiro yekurapa kwekupisa pane simba rekuneta

Kunyanya kunetseka pamusoro pebhoti kunoderedza simba rayo repamusoro. Kana yaiswa pasi pekuchinjanisa mitoro ine simba, maitiro eiyo micro-deformation uye kudzoreredza icharamba ichiitika pakushushikana kwechikamu cheiyo notch, uye kushushikana kwainogamuchira kwakakura kupfuura chikamu chisina kushushikana, saka zviri nyore Kutungamira kune. chizvarwa chekuneta chinotsemuka.

Mafasteners anogadziriswa nekupisa uye ane hasha kuti avandudze iyo microstructure, uye ane yakanakisa yakazara mekiniki zvivakwa, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kuneta kwesimba remabhoti zvinhu, zvine musoro kudzora saizi yezviyo kuti ive nechokwadi chekushomeka-kupisa kwesimba, uye zvakare kuwana yakakwirira mhedzisiro kuoma. Zvinonzwisisika kupisa kurapwa kunatsa zviyo uye kupfupisa chinhambwe pakati pezviyo miganhu anogona kudzivirira kuneta makatsemuka. Kana paine huwandu hwendebvu kana zvidimbu zvechipiri mune izvo zvinyorwa, izvi zvikamu zvakawedzerwa zvinogona kudzivirira kutsvedza kwevagari kusvika pamwero wakati. Kutsvedza kwebhanhire kunodzivirira kutanga uye kuwedzera kwe microcracks.

2. Kudzima svikiro uye kugadzirisa svikiro kuti kupisa kurapwa

Zvigadziriso zvemotokari zvepamusoro-soro zvine mutsara wezvigadzirwa zvemichina: giredhi repamusoro-soro; zvakanyanya sevhisi mamiriro, inoshingirira kupesvedzerwa kwekutonhora kwakanyanya uye yakanyanyisa kusiyana kwekushisa kwegore rose pamwe chete nemuenzi, uye kutsungirira kukukurwa kwekushisa kwakanyanya uye kwakaderera; static load, dynamic load, overload, Heavy load and environment corrosion corrosion, kuwedzera kune mhedzisiro yeaxial pre-tightening tensile load, inozoiswawo pasi pekuwedzera mitoro inochinjana, transverse shear inochinjisa mitoro kana kusanganiswa kupeta mitoro panguva yebasa. Dzimwe nguva inoiswawo pasi pekukanganisa mitoro; yakawedzera kuchinjika mitoro inogona kuita kuti mabhaudhi asununguke, axial alternating mitoro inogona kukonzera kuneta kutyoka kwemabhaudhi, uye axial tensile mitoro inogona kukonzera kunonoka kuputsika kwemabhoti, pamwe nepamusoro tembiricha mamiriro. Kufamba kwemabhoti, nezvimwe.

Nhamba huru yemabhaudhi akakundikana airatidza kuti akatyoka pamwe neshanduko pakati pebhaudhi musoro uye mugodhi panguva yebasa; aivhomora panobatana shinda yebhaudhi mugodhi uye mugodhi; kwakanga kune zvikorekedzo zvinomonereka parwodzi. Metallographic analysis: Pane zvakawanda zvisingasviki ferrite pamusoro pepamusoro uye pakati pebhoti, uye kusakwana austenitization panguva yekudzima, kusakwana kwesimba rematrix uye kushushikana kwepfungwa ndechimwe chezvikonzero zvakakosha zvekukundikana. Nechikonzero ichi, chinhu chakakosha chinongedzo chekusimbisa bhaudhi muchinjiko-chikamu kuomarara uye kufanana kwechimiro.

Basa remafuta ekudzima nderokukurumidza kubvisa kupisa kwe-red-hot metal bolts uye kuvaderedza kusvika kune martensite shanduko yekushisa kuti iwane yakakwirira-yakaoma martensite chimiro uye kudzika kwekuoma kwakaoma. Panguva imwecheteyo, inofanirawo kufunga nezvekuderedzwa kwebhaudhi deformation nekudzivirira Yakatsemuka. Naizvozvo, hunhu hwekutanga hwekudzima mafuta ndeye "kutonhora hunhu", iyo inoratidzirwa nekukurumidza kutonhora mwero mukupisa kwepamusoro nhanho, uye kunonoka kutonhora mudanho rekushisa. Ichi chimiro chakanyatsokodzera kudzima zvinodiwa zvealloy structural simbi ≥ 10.9 yakakwirira-simba mabhaudhi.

Iko kukurumidza kudzima oiri inoburitsa kupisa kwekuora, oxidation uye polymerization maitiro panguva yekushandiswa, izvo zvinotungamira kune shanduko mukutonhora maitiro. Unyoro hwekutsvaga muoiri huchakanganisa zvakanyanya kutonhora kwemafuta, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekupenya uye kuoma kusina kuenzana kwemafasteners mushure mekudzima. Gadzira mavara akapfava kana kunyange kutsemuka tsika. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti matambudziko edeformation anokonzerwa nekudzima oiri anokonzerwa nemvura iri muoiri. Uye zvakare, iyo yemvura yemukati mumafuta inomhanyisa emulsification uye kuparara kwemafuta uye inosimudzira kutadza kwekuwedzera mumafuta. Kana mvura iri muoiri yakakura kudarika kana yakaenzana ne0.1%, kana mafuta achipisa, mvura inounganidzwa pazasi petangi remafuta inogona kuerekana yawedzera muhuwandu, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti mafuta awedzere tangi yekudzima uye kukonzera. moto.

Nekukurumidza kudzima mafuta anoshandiswa mune inoenderera mesh bhandi muchoto, zvichibva pakudzima hunhu data yakaunganidzwa muyedzo yemwedzi mitatu, zvinokwanisika kumisikidza kugadzikana uye kudzima maitiro emafuta, kuona hupenyu hwakakodzera hwesevhisi yekudzima. mafuta, uye kufanotaura kushanda kwemafuta ekudzima. Shandura matambudziko ane hukama, nekudaro kuderedza rework kana kurasikirwa kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwekudzima zvivakwa zveoiri, zvichiita kuti ive yakajairwa kudzora nzira yekugadzira. Kudzika kwekuoma kunobata zvakananga hutano hwebhoti mushure mekupisa kupisa. Kana kuomeswa kwezvinhu kwakashata, kutonhora kwemukati wekutonhora kunononoka, uye saizi yebhaudhi yakakura, iyo bolt core haigone kudzimwa yese mumartensite panguva yekudzima. Sangano rinoderedza simba rehutano hwemwoyo, kunyanya simba regoho. Izvi zviripachena zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kune mabhaudhi anotakura zvakafanana akagovanisa tensile kushushikana pachikamu chese-chese. Kusakwana kuoma kunoderedza simba. Metallographic kuongorora kwakawana kuti kune proeutectoid ferrite uye reticulated ferrite zvimiro mukati, zvichiratidza kuti kuoma kwebhaudhi kunoda kusimbiswa. Sezvatinoziva tose, pane nzira mbiri dzekuwedzera kuomarara kwekuwedzera tembiricha yekudzima; kuwedzera kuoma kwekudzima kwepakati, iyo inogona kunyatso wedzera kuoma kudzika kwebhoti.

Houghto-Quench yakanyatso gadzira oiri yekudzima nekukasika kubva pamafuta ekudzima ari pakati nepakati, Houghto-Quench G. Houghto-Quench K2000 yakawedzera kuvandudza kugona kwayo kuomesa, uye inonyanya kukodzera kushandiswa mukudzima nekutonhodza zvezvibatiso. Kudzika kunogutsa kwekuoma.

Iyo vapor film stage yekukurumidza kudzima mafuta ipfupi, kureva kuti, tembiricha yepamusoro yemafuta inotonhora nekukurumidza. Iyi ficha inobatsira kuwana yakadzika yakaomeswa layer ye10B33 uye 45 simbi ≤ M20 mabhaudhi neM42 nzungu, nepo SWRCH35K uye 10B28 masimbi, inoderedzwa Chete kana ukobvu huri pasi kana kuenzana neM12 mabhaudhi uye M30 nzungu dzinogona kuoma. yepakati uye kuoma kwepamusoro kune musiyano mudiki. Kubva pakuongorora kwehuwandu hwekutonhora kugovera, kuwedzera kune kukurumidza kutonhora kunodiwa pakati uye yakakwirira tembiricha nhanho, yakaderera-yekushisa kutonhora mwero weoiri ine mhedzisiro yakakura pakudzika kweiyo yakaoma layer. Iyo yakakwirira iyo yakaderera-tembiricha yekutonhora mwero, iyo yakadzika iyo yakaomeswa layer. Izvi zvinobatsira zvikuru kuti zvisungo zvepamusoro-soro zvitakure mutoro wakafanana muchikamu chose, uye zvinotarisirwa kuwana inenge 90% ye martensite chimiro chisati chapisa mumamiriro ekudzima. Zviratidzo zvekuongorora zvinosanganisira zvingangoita makumi maviri zviratidzo senge flash point, viscosity, acid value, oxidation resistance, residual carbon, ash, sludge, quenching cooling rate, uye kudzima kupenya.

Kune akakura saizi mabhaudhi, PAG inodzima mumiriri ndiyo mhinduro huru, inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekudzima zvezvizhinji zvigadzirwa. PAG quenching agent iri munhanho yekubikira mumartensite shanduko zone, uye mwero wekutonhora wakakwira uye kune njodzi huru. Inogona kugadziriswa nekuisa pfungwa. Chiyero chekutonhora pane kiyi index chinenge 300 ℃. Kudzikira kwekutonhodza panguva ino yetembiricha, ndiko kusimba kwekugona kudzivirira kutsemuka kwakatsemuka uye mamakisi esimbi akakodzera. Iko kugadzikana kweiyo convection kutonhora kutonhora panguva yekushandiswa ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yekuve nechokwadi chekudzima.

Mumienzaniso yemabhaudhi ekutanga kutadza, zvinogona kuoneka kuti pane zvikanganiso zvakatsemuka patambo dzemabhaudhi akatyoka pedyo nekutsemuka. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti mabhaudhi akakungurutswa zvisina kunaka. Inokonzerwa nekupeta; madiki-akatsemuka ezvakadzama akasiyana anogona zvakare kuoneka muzasi meshinda, uye machining akavakirwa-bundu rinoumba nzvimbo yekushushikana. Iyo yakajairwa GB/T5770.3-2000 "Special Zvinodiwa zveBolts, Screws and Studs with Surface Defects on Fasteners" inotaura kuti mapeta asingapfuuri chikamu chimwe muzvina chehurefu hweshinda pamusoro peiyo dhayamita yemabhaudhi ari pasi pekunetsekana. inobvumirwa Kupeta uye kuvakwa kweshinda pasi hakubvumirwi kukanganisa, uye kupeta ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekutsemuka kwebhaudhi. Kushandiswa kweHoughton's yakanyanyisa kudzvinyirira lubricant ye bolt thread processing inogona kunyatso kudzivirira kuvakwa-kumucheto uye kuderedza kushushikana kwekushushikana, nekudaro zvichibatsira kuvandudza kuneta hupenyu hwebhoti.

3. Kudzivirirwa kwepamusoro uye kuvandudza tekinoroji yezvimisikidzo zvemotokari

Mafasteners pamotokari, kunyanya mabhaudhi ekusungirira, mapombi anosungirira, elastic clamps, nezvimwewo, ari munzvimbo dzakaoma zvakanyanya panguva yekushandiswa, uye anowanzo koromorwa zvakakomba, uye kunyange kunetsa kupatsanura nekuda kwe ngura. Naizvozvo, ma fasteners anofanira kunge aine yakanaka anti-corrosion properties. Nzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa pari zvino ndeye electro-galvanizing, zinc-nickel alloy, phosphating, blackening uye dacromet kurapwa pamusoro. Nekuda kwekudziviswa kwemukati meiyo hexavalent chromium mukati mekuputira pamusoro pezvisungo zvemotokari, haina kuzadzisa zviyero zvemirairo yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye zvigadzirwa zvine zvinhu zvinokuvadza hazvibvumidzwe kupinda mumusika, izvo zvinoisa kusati kwamboitika kwakakwirira mune itsva. kugona kwemota fastener pamusoro kurapwa Standard zvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa.

1. Mvura-based zinc-aluminium coating Geomet

Enoufu Boka rakagadzira tekinoroji yakakwana yakavakirwa pamakore anopfuura makumi matatu eDACROMET pamusoro peanti-ngura tekinoroji ruzivo uye mushure memakore ekutsvaga nekusimudzira. Iyo tekinoroji nyowani yechromium pamusoro kurapwa --- GEOMET.

Anti-rust mechanism, chimiro chefirimu chinobatwa neGummet chakafananawo nefirimu inobatwa naDacromet. Mashizha esimbi anoputirwa muzvidimbu kuita firimu rakasanganiswa nesilicon-based adhesive kuvhara substrate.

Zvakanakira zveGeomet: Conductivity, yakakwirira-simba simbi pepa inoita kuti mabhaudhi eGeomet aite. Paint inochinjika, Geomet inogona kushandiswa senge yekutanga pendi yakawanda inosanganisira electroplating. Kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, mvura-yakavakirwa mhinduro, haina chromium, uye hapana tsvina yemvura inogadzirwa, uye hapana zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinoburitswa mumhepo. Yakanakisa ngura kuramba, chete 6-8μm firimu ukobvu, anogona kusvika munyu pfapfaidzo bvunzo kupfuura 1000h. Kupisa kupisa, inorganic firimu, uye iyo firimu haina unyoro. Hydrogen-isina embrittlement process, acid-isina uye electrolytic coating process, dzivirira hydrogen embrittlement seyakajairwa electroplating process.

Iko kugadzikana kweiyo friction coefficient yakakosha pamusangano wemota fasteners. Mvura-based flaky zinc-aluminium coating ndiyo mhinduro kune coefficient of friction. Pahwaro hwezinc-aluminium coating, mvura-based inorganic surface coating ine lubricating basa --- PLUS inoiswa.

2. Electrophoretic coating teknolojia

Mumakore achangopfuura, mamwe mafasteners emamwe makambani emotokari akashandisa electrophoretic coating pane passivation mushure me electroplating. Mumashoko akajeka, nheyo ye electrophoretic coating "inopikisana nepabonde inokwezvana", iyo yakafanana nemagnet. Anode electrophoresis yakaputirwa nemabhoti pane anode uye pende inopomerwa zvakashata; nepo cathodic electrophoresis yakaputirwa nemabhaudhi pane cathode, iyo pendi inopomerwa zvakanaka. Sezvatinoziva tese, electrophoretic coating yakashongedzwa zvakanyanya, ine hushamwari, uye firimu rependi rine yakanakisa corrosion resistance. Gadzirisa uye shandisazve zviwanikwa zvemvura kuderedza kuburitswa; kusimbisa kudzorerwa kwesimbi inorema kuderedza kubudiswa; kuderedza VOC (volatile organic compounds) kubuda; kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba (mvura, magetsi, mafuta, nezvimwewo), uye kusangana nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa kuderedza mari uye kuvandudza kunaka.

Yakaiswa kune auto zvikamu uye fasteners kwemakore akati wandei. Iyo electrophoretic coating process inenge yakakura. Icho chigadzirwa chinotsiva electroplating. PPGESarudza ropolyseal fastener yakakosha electrophoretic coating material, EPll/SST 120～200h anode electrophoresis, EPlll/SST 200～300h cathodic electrophoresis, EPlV/SST 500～1000h cathodic1000 electrophoresisST, 1500h cathodicXNUMX electrophoresisSTXNUMX electrophoresis XNUMXh cathodic XNUMX/XNUMX electrophoresis; uye ZiNC Yakapfuma yekuisa zinc-rich organic coating (conductive).

Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, mukuwedzera kune cathodic electrophoretic coating ine yakanakisa corrosion kuramba, anodic electrophoretic coating ine kumwe kupikisa kwemamiriro ekunze uye cathodic electrophoretic coating ine edge corrosion resistance yakashandiswawo pamutsetse wekugadzira. Parizvino, PPG's electrophoretic coating series yakagamuchirwa nemakambani akawanda ekugadzira motokari, uye nhevedzano yezvinyorwa zvakashandurwa kuva chiyero chakabatana, S424 inoshandurwa kuva S451, yakadai seFord WSS-M21P41-A2, S451; General Motors GM6047 kodhi G; Chrysler PS-7902 Mcthod C.

Zvakanakira zve electrophoretic coating zvinokonzeresa kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Electrophoretic coating inotora pendi yemvura, uye passivation inotora trivalent chromium; kunatsiridza kushora kwechigadzirwa, kunamatira kwakanyanya; hapana plug gomba, hapana screw thread, yunifomu yefirimu ukobvu, inowirirana torque kukosha; yechinyakare electroplating + passivation Process, munyu pfapfaidzo bvunzo inosvika anenge 144h. Mushure mekutora zinc phosphating + zinc-rich primer + cathodic electrophoretic coating process, munyu wekupfapfaidza bvunzo unogona kusvika kupfuura 1000h, kana electroplating + cathodic electrophoretic coating process ikagamuchirwa, munyu wekupfapfaidza bvunzo unogona kusvika kupfuura 500h.

4, mhedziso

Mune ramangwana, kuvandudzwa kwemafasteners emotokari kuchave kwakanyanya munhu, maitiro ekurapa kupisa achave akatanhamara muhunhu hwesevhisi, uye hungwaru, girinhi, uye huremu matekinoroji ese achaita basa rakakosha. Iko kuvandudza tekinoroji nemidziyo ndiyo hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwepamusoro, uye pachine nzvimbo yakawanda yebudiriro. Kuti udzikise mukaha nehuwandu hwepamusoro hwedzimwe nyika, basa racho richiri rakaoma zvikuru, uye basa racho rinorema uye rakareba.

Batanidza kuchinyorwa ichi: Ongororo pane nyowani yekuvandudza tekinoroji yekurapa kupisa tekinoroji yemafasteners emotokari

Dzokorora Chirevo: Kana pasina mirairo yakakosha, zvese zvinyorwa zviri pasaiti ino ndezvepakutanga. Ndokumbira utaridze kwakabva kudhindazve: https://www.cncmachiningptj.com

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