Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinobatisa welding munyika yangu kwakawedzera mukufambirana nesimbi, uye kubuda kwacho kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera mumakore achangopfuura. Kungoverenga maelectrodes newaya chete, zvakabuda zvaive 629,600 matani muna 1996, 1.449 miriyoni matani muna 2002, uye 1.7 miriyoni matani muna 2003 (kusanganisira 1.2 miriyoni matani emagetsi, 300,000 matani ewaya dzakaomarara, 35,000 matani ewaya dzakasimba, 200,000 matani XNUMX, XNUMX kusvika XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX kusvika XNUMX. Welding waya flux XNUMX matani), ndiyo yakakura pasi rose kugadzira zvinhu uye kushandiswa kwenyika. 

Zvisinei, kubuda kwebhuku remagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anogadzirwa munyika yangu agara achiverengera anenge 75%, uye huwandu hwemawaya akasiyana-siyana hunoita 25%. Yakaverengerwa pahwaro hwesimbi yakaiswa, muna 2002, iyo welding mechanization uye otomatiki mwero munyika yangu inogona kungosvika 40.1%, nepo nyika dzakasimukira pasirese dziri pamusoro pe60% -70%. Zvinogona kuoneka kuti iyo otomatiki mwero wekugadzira welding munyika yangu ichiri yakaderera mune zvese. Mukaha uripo pakati peindasitiri yewelding inodyirwa munyika yangu nenyika dzakasimukira haisisiri maererano nezvinobuda, asi maererano nehupamhi hwese uye nhanho yekutsvagisa yesainzi, kusanganisira mhando yevashandi, nhanho yekutarisira, midziyo yekugadzira, tekinoroji yekuyedza, kuvandudzwa kwechigadzirwa zvichingodaro.

1. Welding tsvimbo

Parizvino, kune vangangoita mazana mashanu vanogadzira ma electrode emagetsi munyika yangu, avo vangangoita mazana matatu vane mamiriro akakwana ekugadzira, nzira dzekuyedza uye inonzwisisika yemhando yekusimbisa hurongwa, uye vangangoita mazana maviri vane mamwe mamiriro ekugadzira asi vasina nzira dzekuyedza. Iyo indasitiri yekugadzira inokwana 500 Mamirioni matani. Muna 300, kubuda kwetsvimbo yewelding yaive matani miriyoni 200.

Vagadziri veWelding electrode vari mumatunhu ese kunze kweTibet, uye marudzi avo ehupfumi anosanganisira ehurumende, akaungana, akavanzika, akabatana, kutengeserana chete, uye kugovana. Tsvimbo dzeWelding dzinogadzirwa mune akati wandei mahombe ekugadzira weldings, seTianjin Jinqiao Welding Materials Company, Tianjin Bridge Group Company, Sichuan Atlantic Group Company, nezvimwewo. Mhando idzi dzinonyanya kuumbwa nesimbi magetsi, pamwe nemagetsi asingadzivirire kupisa, simbi isina tsvina. maelectrodes, maelectrodes epamusoro, nickel-based electrodes, cast iron iron and other special-purpose electrodes.

2. Welding wire

2.1, gasi yakadzivirirwa yakasimba core welding waya

Parizvino, kune 200-250 gasi-yakadzivirirwa yakasimba welding waya vanogadzira munyika, uye anoda kusvika makumi mashanu seti emhando dzakasiyana dzekugadzira akaunzwa kubva kuGermany, Sweden, Canada, Japan, Switzerland, Italy neTaiwan, uye anopfuura zana epamba. kana midziyo yakazvigadzira. Iyo yegore yekugadzira simba iri pedyo ne50-100 matani. Muna 600, kubuda kwewaya yakasimba yewelding yaive 700,000 matani.

Solid core welding waya ekugadzira mabhizinesi anonyanya kuumbwa ehurumende, akaungana, akavanzika, akabatana uye ega proprietorship. Mamwe mahombe-akakura emagetsi ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi ave zvishoma nezvishoma ave musana wekugadzira welding waya. Zvigadzirwa zvakakura zvekugadzira zvinosanganisira Jinzhou Jintai Metal Industry Co., Ltd., Sichuan Atlantic Welding Wire Products Co., Ltd., etc. Zvisinei, kune mashoma marudzi egasi shielded welding waya. Kunze kwe ER49-1 uye ER50-6 modhi, idzo dzine huwandu hukuru hwekugadzira, mazhinji emamwe marudzi ane diki kubuda.

2.2. Gasi rakadzivirirwa flux-cored welding waya

Yepamberi flux-cored welding wire, nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakasarudzika, yave inokurumidza kukura inobatika munyika yangu, kubva pasi pe1,000 matani (kunyanya waya gobvu) muna 1996 kusvika 35,000 matani (kunyanya waya yakatetepa) muna 2003, Kuvandudza pa. avhareji yegore yekukura mwero inopfuura 50%. Munguva yakapfuura, yainyanya kuvimba nekutenga kunze kwenyika. Iye zvino anopfuura makumi mashanu muzana eiyo flux-cored welding waya inoshandiswa muChina inogadzirwa yega, uye kune hushoma hwekutengesa kunze. Minda yekunyorera yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakuvaka ngarava kuenda pakuvaka, mabhiriji, inorema muchina, boilers, midziyo yekumanikidza, mapaipi, zvivakwa zvesimbi uye mamwe maindasitiri.

Kune vagadziri makumi maviri nevapfumbamwe ve flux-cored welding wire munyika yese uye mitsara makumi mana nemipfumbamwe yekugadzira, kusanganisira makumi maviri neshanu ekugadzira anotengeswa kunze kwenyika (kusanganisira 29 akagadzirwa kuTaiwan) uye makumi maviri nemana anogadzirwa mumusha, ane simba rekugadzira repagore rinopfuura zviuru makumi mashanu zvematani. Kune 49 yakakura-yakakura flux-cored waya kugadzira zvirimwa muChina, zvinoti Tiantai Welding Materials (Kunshan) Co., Ltd., Guangtai Welding Materials Co., Ltd., Tianjin Sanying Welding Industry Co., Ltd., uye Antai Technology Co., Ltd. Welding Materials Division Company (Beijing Ganglian Welding Materials Co., Ltd. yakabatanidzwa mukambani iyi muna 25).

Parizvino, nyika yangu flux-cored welding waya zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira matatu akatevedzana etitanium gasi kuchengetedza, alkaline gasi kudzivirira uye kupfeka-inodzivirira pamusoro pepamusoro. Iwo akakodzera kabhoni simbi, yakaderera-alloy yakakwirira-simba simbi, Stainless simbi, nezvimwewo, uye inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushongedza zvezvimiro zveinjiniya.

2.3. Yakanyura arc welding waya uye flux

Kubuda kweyakadzika arc welding waya kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura, asi inongoverengera inosvika 5.5% yezvese zvinodyiwa zvewelding. Chikamu cheyakadzika arc welding waya munyika dzakasimukira dzakasimukira kazhinji pakati pe8-10%.

Sezvo kugadzirwa kweyakadzika arc welding waya kuri nyore, ese mafekitori emagetsi emagetsi nemafekitori ewaya dzesimbi anogona kuzvipa. Kune mazana emakambani anogona kupa yakanyura arc welding waya, uye mamwe makambani anoapa mune dhisiki fomu. Zvakabuda muna 2003 zvaisvika zviuru makumi masere zvematani.

Iko kune kunyanya maviri marudzi eakanyura arc fluxes, smelting type uye sintered type. Nyika yedu inonyanya kugadzira uye inoshandisa yakanyungudika flux. Parizvino, kune anopfuura makumi matatu ekugadzira makambani ekugadzira ane simba rekugadzira pagore rematani zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu, ayo akanyunguduka ari matani zviuru zana nemakumi maviri nemazana maviri, uye sintered flux inosvika zviuru makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana emakumi mana ematani. Kune anopfuura makambani gumi anokwanisa kugadzira sintered flux. Mumakore achangopfuura, iyo sintered flux musika Nekuwedzera kunoramba kuchienderera, chikamu che sintered flux mukuyerera chiri kuwedzera zvakare. Muna 30, kubuda kwearc flux yakanyura yaive ingangoita 150,000 matani.

3. Pane matambudziko

⑴ Mutengo wemusika wepamba wezvinhu zvinobatisa welding wakadzikira, kunyanya mutengo we welding rod wakadzikira, zvichikonzera denderedzwa rakashata;

⑵ Kune mashoma akakosha zvigadzirwa, senge yakaderera-utsi welding tsvimbo dzinoshandiswa kuvharisa nzvimbo, welding tsvimbo ine yakasimba anti-porosity kugona yakavharwa ne-anti-ngura layer, nezvimwewo;

(3) Iyo yakasiyana-siyana yakasimba-core welding wire idiki, iyo inonyanya kuganhurirwa nekupihwa kwesimbi.

Batanidza kuchinyorwa ichi: Mamiriro ezvinhu uye matambudziko aripo eiyo welding indasitiri

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