Tsananguro YeMuchina Turu

Kupatsanurwa kweMuchina Zvishandiso

Simbi yekucheka muchina maturusi, anonyanya kushandiswa kucheka simbi;

Woodworking muchina wekutema huni;

Anokosha ekugadzirisa michina maturusi, ayo anoita akakosha kugadzirisa pazvinhu zvebasa nemaitiro epanyama uye emakemikari;

Nokuchengetedza michini. Iyo yakamanikana yakatsanangurwa muchina chishandiso chete inoreva kune yakanyanya kushandiswa uye yakakura nhamba yesimbi yekucheka muchina maturusi.

• 1. Masimbi ekucheka michina maturusi anogona kuganhurirwa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana nenzira dzakasiyana dzekupatsanura.
• 1.1 Zvinoenderana neyekugadzirisa nzira kana yekugadzirisa chinhu, inogona kukamurwa kuita lathe, muchina wekuchera, unofinha muchina, mukuyi, giya kugadzira muchina chishandiso, tambo yekugadzirisa muchina chishandiso, spline kugadzira muchina chishandiso, chigayo chekugaya, kurongedza, kuisa muchina, broaching muchina, yakakosha kugadzira muchina chishandiso, sawing muchina uye unyorera muchina, nezvimwe. Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rwakakamurwa mumapoka akati wandei zvichienderana nemamiriro aro kana kugadzirisa zvinhu, uye boka rega rega rakakamurwa kuita mhando dzinoverengeka.
• 1.2 Zvinoenderana nesaizi yeiyo workpiece uye huremu hwemuchina chishandiso, inogona kukamurwa kuita zvishandiso zvemuchina maturusi, madiki uye epakati maturu emuchina maturusi, makuru emuchina maturusi, anorema muchina maturusi uye akanyanya anorema muchina maturusi;
• 1.3 Zvinoenderana nekugadziriswa kwakaringana, inogona kuve yakakamurwa kuita zvakajairika mashini emuchina maturusi, mashandisirwo emuchina maturusi uye epamusoro chaiyo maturusi mashini maturusi;
• 1.4 Zvinoenderana nedhigirii rekushandisa, inogona kukamurwa kuita nemaoko mashandisirwo emuchina mateki, semi-otomatiki maturusi emuchina uye otomatiki maturu mashini;
• 1.5 Zvinoenderana neye otomatiki yekudzoreredza modhi yemuchina chishandiso, inogona kukamurwa kuita kuteedzera muchina maturusi, chirongwa kudzora muchina maturusi, dijitari yekudzora muchina maturusi, anodzora mateki emuchina maturu, machining nzvimbo uye anoshanduka ekugadzira masisitimu;
• 1.6 Zvinoenderana nehukuru hwekushandisa kwemuchina maturusi, inogona kugoverwa kuita-chinangwa-chakakosha, chakakosha-chinangwa uye chakakosha-chinangwa michina maturusi.
• 1.7 Kune mhando ye otomatiki kana semi-otomatiki muchina chishandiso yakavakirwa pane zvakajairwa zvakajairika zvikamu uye mashoma mashoma akakosha zvikamu zvakagadzirwa zvinoenderana neicho chakatarwa chimiro cheiyo workpiece kana yekugadzirisa tekinoroji. Inodaidzwa kuti musanganiswa wemuchina.
• 1.8 Yekugadziriswa kwechimwe kana zvikamu zvinoverengeka, akateedzana emuchina maturusi akarongedzwa zvakateedzana, uye akashongedzerwa ne otomatiki kurodha uye kuburitsa mudziyo uye ne workpiece otomatiki kuchinjisa mudziyo pakati pemushini chishandiso uye muchina chishandiso. Boka rezvishandiso zvemuchina zvakagadzirwa nenzira iyi inonzi otomatiki yekugadzira tambo yekucheka kugadzirisa.
• 1.9 Iyo inoshanduka yekugadzira sisitimu inoumbwa neboka remadhijitari anodzorwa maturusi emuchina uye zvimwe zvoga maitiro ekushandisa michina. Iyo inodzorwa nekombuta yemagetsi uye inogona otomatiki kugadzirisa workpieces ane akasiyana maitiro, ayo anogona kuchinjika kune akawanda marudzi ekugadzira.

Muchina wekushandisa ndiyo yakakosha michina yekugadzira yemuchina indasitiri. Mhando dzayo dzakasiyana, mhando uye nekugadzirisa mashandiro acho zvinokanganisa nhanho yekugadzira tekinoroji uye hupfumi hwezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemuchina. Naizvozvo, hunyanzvi hwemazuva ano uye chiyero chemuchina wezvishandiso indasitiri, pamwe nekuwanda uye mhando yemidziyo yemuchina chimwe chezviratidzo zvakakosha zvekuvandudza kwenyika kwemaindasitiri.

3. Nhoroondo pfupi yekuvandudzwa kwemichina yekushandisa

Iyo lathe yemuti, iyo yakaonekwa mukati memakore anopfuura 2,000 XNUMX BC, yaive yekutanga prototype yemuchina wekushandisa. Paunenge uchishanda, pedera iyo feri pamagumo ezasi kwetambo, shandisa kuomarara kwebazi kugadzira iyo workpiece inotyairwa netambo, uye shandisa goko kana dombo sechishandiso kufambisa chishandiso padivi peplani kucheka iwo workpiece. Iyi nheyo ichiri kushandiswa mune medieval elastic rod uye tsvimbo lathe.

Muzana ramakore regumi neshanu, nekuda kwekudiwa kwekugadzira mawatch uye zvombo, kwaive netambo tambo uye michina yekugadzira michina yevagadziri, pamwe nemuchina unodhonzwa nemagetsi wedhiramu. Kuma 1500, weItaly Leonardo da Vinci akange atara mifananidzo yematanda, michina inonetesa, michina yekukochekera neyekugaya zvemukati, pakati padzo paive nenzira nyowani dzakadai semakwenzi, mawhewheels, misoro uye kutakuras. Iyo "Tiangong Kaiwu" yakaburitswa neMing Dynasty yeChina zvakare ine chimiro cheguyo, iyo inoshandisa chinongedzo chetsoka kutenderera ndiro yesimbi, pamwe nejecha nemvura kutema jade.

Shanduko yeindasitiri yezana regumi nemasere century yakakurudzira kugadzirwa kwemuchina maturusi. Muna 1774, veBritish Wilkinson vakagadzira muchina wakanyatsojeka wemabhora. Mwaka unotevera, akashandisa humburumbira muchina unokwenenzvera kusangana nezvinodiwa neWatt steam injini. Kuti abvise masirinda akakura, akavaka mota inotyairwa nesilinda inofinha muna 1776, iyo yaikurudzira kugadzirwa kweinjini dzemhepo. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, chishandiso chemuchina chakatanga kufambiswa nedenga mugodhi ine injini yemhepo.

Muna 1797, lathe yakaitwa neBritish Mozley yaitungamirirwa nechikanda, icho chaigona kuona chikafu cheinjiniya nekucheka shinda, yaive shanduko huru muchimiro chemushini chishandiso. Mozley saka anozivikanwa sa "baba veBritish muchina wekushandisa indasitiri".

Muzana ramakore rechi19, nekuda kwekusimudzirwa kwemachira, simba, michina yekufambisa uye kugadzirwa kwemaoko, mhando dzakasiyana dzemuchina maturusi dzakaonekwa imwe mushure meimwe. Muna 1817, veBritain Roberts vakasika gantry planer; muna 1818, American Whitney akagadzira chinjikira chigayo muchina; muna 1876, United States yakagadzira chigayo chinogumbura chepasi rose; muna 1835 na1897, akagadzira muchina wekuzeya uye giya rekugadzira muchina.

Nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi, chishandiso chemushini chakatanga kushandisa iyo yemagetsi mota yepakati kutyaira kutanga, uyezve yakazoshandiswa zvakanyanya yakasarudzika yemagetsi mota mota. Pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri emakore, kuitira kugadzirisa zvakanyatsonaka workpieces, zvigadziri uye tambo yemuchina maturusi, kuronga michina inofinha uye tambo yekugeda michina yakagadzirwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuitira kuzadzikisa zvido zvekugadzirwa kwemazhinji mumaindasitiri emotokari uye anotakura, akasiyana matomatiki emuchina maturusi, maturusi emuchina maturusi, matomeri emuchina maturu uye mitsara yekugadzira otomatiki yakagadziriswa.

Nekuvandudzika kwetekinoroji yemagetsi, United States yakagadzira yekutanga turu-inodzorwa muchina mudziyo muna 1952; muna 1958, yakagadzira machining centre iyo inogona kungochinja zvishandiso zvemazhinji-maitiro machining. Kubva ipapo, pamwe nekuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji uye tekinoroji yemakomputa, chishandiso chemuchina chave neshanduko dzakakura munzira dzekutyaira, masystem ekudzora uye mabasa echimiro.

4. Basa remushini wekushandisa

Iyo yekucheka maitiro echishina chishandiso inoonekwa neyakaenzana kufamba pakati kwechombo uye neiyo workpiece. Iko kufamba kunogona kuganhurwa mumhando mbiri: pamusoro pekuumba kufamba uye kwekubatsira kufamba.

Iyo yekumira yekugadzira inofamba ndeye kufamba kunoita kuti iyo workpiece iwane inodiwa pechimiro chimiro uye saizi. Inosanganisira main motion, feed feed uye plunge motion. Mhedzisiro huru iko kufamba kunoita iro rinoita basa rakakura kana uchiona zvinhu zvakawandisa kubva kubasa rekushongedza risina chinhu. Iyo inogona kuve iyo yekutenderera inofamba yeiyo workpiece (senge kutendeuka), iyo mitsara inofamba (senge kurongedza pane gantry planer), kana kutenderera kutenderera kwechishandiso (sekuMilling uye kuchera) kana mutsara mutsara (senge kupindirana uye kubhurocha); feed feed ndiko kufamba kwechishandiso uye chikamu cheiyo workpiece inogadziriswa, kuitira kuti iyo yekucheka irambe ichienderera kufamba, sekushanduka kwechishandiso chemidziyo ichiteedzana pamwe nemuchina chishandiso gwaro kana uchinjisa denderedzwa rekunze Kufambisa kwekucheka kuita kuti chishandiso chicheke mukati meiyo workpiece pamusoro kune imwe kudzika. Basa rayo kutema hukobvu hwezvinhu kubva kune yekushongedza pamusoro mune yega yekucheka sitiroko, senge yekufamba kwekucheka kwekutenderera kweiyo diki yekushandisa pakubata denderedzwa rekunze.

Kufambisa kwekubatsira kunonyanya kusanganisira iyo yekukurumidza nzira uye kubvisa chishandiso kana workpiece, kugadziriswa kwechinzvimbo chemuchina chishandiso zvikamu, kunongedza kweiyo workpiece, kunongedza kweanobata chishandiso, iyo yekudyisa zvinhu, kutanga, kumhanya shanduko, kudzoreredza, kumira uye otomatiki chishandiso shanduko.

Ese marudzi emuchina maturusi anowanzo kuve anoumbwa anotevera akakosha zvikamu: inotsigira zvikamu, zvinoshandiswa kuisa uye kutsigira zvimwe zvinoriumba uye zvebasa, zvinotakura huremu hwazvo uye kutema mauto, senge mubhedha nekoramu, nezvimwe. kusuduruka mashandiro, anoshandiswa kuchinja kumhanyisa kwekufambisa kukuru; feed Iyo nzira inoshandiswa kushandura chiyero chekudya; chokurukisa bhokisi rinoshandiswa kuisa muchina mudziyo chokurukisa; mubati wezvishandiso nemagazini yekushandisa; iyo yekudzivirira uye yekushandisa system; lubrication hurongwa; iyo inotonhora system.

Machine chishongedzo chakabatanidzwa chinosanganisira muchina chishandiso kurodha uye kuturunura michina, zvinomiririra, maindasitiri marobhoti uye zvimwe zvemuchina maturusi ekubatanidza, pamwe nemuchina chishandiso zvishongedzo senge chucks, yekukoka mukombe chitubu chucks, mavise, Rotary matafura uye indexing misoro.

Zviratidzo zvekutarisa mashandiro ehunyanzvi emuchina maturusi anogona kuve ekupedzisira ekuti machining akarongeka uye kugona kwekugadzira. Kugonesa kwemachini kunosanganisira iyo chaiyo yekuyera, chimiro kururamisa, kurongeka kwenzvimbo, mhando yepamusoro, uye kururamisa kwemushini chishandiso. Kugadzirwa kwekugadzira kunosanganisira kucheka nguva uye nguva yekubatsira, pamwe nedhigirii rekushandisa uye kuvimbika kwekushanda kwemuchina wekushandisa. Kune rimwe divi, izvi zviratidzi zvinoenderana nehunhu hunhu hwechishandiso chishandiso, senge static geometric kunyatso uye kuomarara; kune rimwe divi, ivo vane hukama hwakakura nehunhu hunesimba hwechishandiso chemushini, senge iko kunyatsofamba, kuomarara kune simba, kupisa kwemafuta, uye ruzha.

5. Iyo ramangwana rekuvandudza maitiro emuchina maturusi

Iyo ramangwana rekuvandudza maitiro emuchina maturusi ndeaya:

Kupfuurirazve kushandiswa kwetekinoroji nyowani senge zvemagetsi zvemakomputa tekinoroji, nyowani servo drive zvikamu, kugutsikana uye oparesheni tambo, kurerutsa michina chimiro, kugadzirisa uye kuwedzera basa reotomation, uye kugadzirisa iyo muchina chishandiso kuti ishande mune inochinja inogadzira sisitimu;

Wedzera kumhanya kwesimba main kufamba uye feed motion, uye zvinowirirana kuwedzera simba uye kusimba kuomarara kwechimiro kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa maturusi matsva uye kugadzirisa kugadzirisa kutema;

Vandudza machine zvakarurama uye kukudziridza Ultra-nemazvo machine michina maturusi kusangana nezvinodiwa zveanobuda maindasitiri senge emagetsi michina uye aerospace; gadzira yakakosha machining emuchina maturusi ekugadzirisa iwo machining ezvinhu akaomarara-ku-kuita simbi zvinhu uye zvimwe zvitsva zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri.

Batanidza kuchinyorwa ichi: Chii chinonzi Mashini Chishandiso?

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