Iko kunetseka kwekugadzira kwepamusoro-kumagumo kutakuras

01 Mukutanga mutsara wekufamba mabhengi, mutsara wematanda wakaiswa pasi pe skid. 

Iyi nzira inogona kuteverwa kumashure panguva iyo piramidhi yeKafra yakavakwa, kunyange zvazvo pasina humbowo hwakajeka. Mazuva ano mutsara wekufamba mabhengi anoshandisa iyo imwechete musimboti wekushanda, asi shandisa rollers pane rollers.

Kubva pane inorema-basa vhiri miseve uye muchina chishandiso chokurukisa kusvika pakanangana neawachi zvikamu, rotary mabheyari anodikanwa mune akawanda mashandisirwo. Iyo yakapusa yakatenderera inotakura ndeye sleeve inobereka. Iyi dhizaini yakazotsiviwa nekutenderedza mabheyaringi, ayo aishandisa akawanda mairi cylindrical rollers kutsiva epakutanga bushings. Yekutanga kutenderera kubereka kwakagadzirwa nemuridzi wewachi John Harrison muna 1760 kuita iyo H3 timer.

Muenzaniso wekutanga wemabhora akatakura wakawanikwa pane imwe ngarava yekare yeRoma paLake Naimi, Italy. Bhora rehuni rinotakura raishandiswa kutsigira tafura inotenderera. Ngarava yakavakwa muna 40 BC. Pakati pezvakakura zvinhu zvebhora mabheyari, zvakakosha kuti mabhora adhumane, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kukakavara.

Chekutanga patent pane yakatakura bhora chiteshi yakawanikwa naPhilip Vaughn muna 1794. Muna 1883, Friedrich Fisher akakurudzira kushandiswa kwemichina yekugadzira yakakodzera yekukuya mabhora esimbi akaenzana uye kutenderera kwakaringana, uko kwakaisa hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwekutakura. indasitiri. Muna 1907, Sven Winquist weiyo SKF bhora rinotakura fekitori rakagadzira yekutanga-yemazuva ano kuzvimisikidza bhora kutakura.

Zvinoenderana nehukama hwehukama hwekufamba, mabheyari akapatsanurwa kuita: bhora mabheyari, tsono mabheyari, tapered roller mabheyaringi, zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope mabheyari, anochinjika mabheyari, emhepo mabhegi, magineti ekumisa mabheyari, chishongo mabheyaringi uye ane mafuta-ane mabhegi.

02Kunyangwe chimiro chekubereka chiri nyore

Mazhinji madiki workshops anogona kuzviita, asi kubereka kune yakakwirira tekinoroji yemukati, uye inogona kutoshandiswa seyakakosha mwero kuyera nyika sainzi uye tekinoroji simba. Masimba enyika anhasi esainzi uye tekinoroji, pasina kusarudzika, masimba ekubereka R & D nekugadzira.

Zvinopfuura makumi manomwe kubva muzana zvemusika wepasi rose unotakurwa nemakambani epamusoro gumi epasi rese anotakura, ayo United States anoverengera 70%, European Union inosvika 23%, uye Japan inosvika 21%. Musika unotakura pasi rose unotungamirwa nemakambani mashanu akaita seNSK kuJapan, makambani maviri anosanganisira SKF muSweden, FAG kuGerman, uye makambani akati wandei akaita seTimken kuUnited States.

Panguva imwecheteyo, musika wepamusoro-wekupedzisira weiyo inoburitsa indasitiri inogadziriswa nemakambani ambotaurwa, nepo musika wepasi-wekupedzisira uri kunyanya kuChina. Makambani gumi makuru anotakura muChina, akadai seti shafts, aingova ne10% chete yekutengesa kwemaindasitiri, uye yepamusoro 24.7 yekugadzirwa kwevasungwa yaive 30% chete.

Mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yekutakura yeChina yakaumba seti yemamwe maindasitiri akazvimirira uye akazara. Zvisinei nekutakura zvakaburitswa kana kutengeswa kwekutengesa, China yakapinda muzvikamu zvemakambani makuru ekutakura indasitiri uye anotora chechitatu pasirese. Iyo data inoratidza kuti muna 2017, iyo huru bhizimusi mari yemabhizinesi pamusoro peakasarudzika saizi muChina yekutakura indasitiri yaive 178.8 bhiriyoni yuan, uye inoburitsa goho yaive 21 bhiriyoni seti. Inogona kuburitsa mabheyaringi anotangira pa0.6 mm muhupamhi hwemukati kusvika gumi nemana dhayamita yekunze, iine huwandu hunopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe ematanho.

Kubva 2006 kusvika 2017, kukura kweChina kwakatakura kunze kwenyika kukosha kwaive kwakagadzikana, uye mwero wekukura waive wakakwirira kupfuura uya wekunze. Iyo yekunze uye yekunze yekutengeserana yakasara yakaratidza kuwedzera kuri kuitika. Muna 2017, mari yekutengesa yakasvika 1.55 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica. Zvichienzaniswa neyuniti yemutengo wekupinza uye kutumira kunze mabhegi, musiyano wemutengo pakati pekunze nekutengesa kunze kweChina kwave kwakakura kwazvo mumakore achangopfuura, asi mutsauko wemutengo wave uchidzikira gore negore, zvichiratidza kuti kunyangwe hunyanzvi hwezvinhu zviri muChina zvinotakura indasitiri zvichiripo. ine imwe gap neiyo yepamusoro nhanho, ichiri kubata kumusoro. Panguva imwecheteyo, inoratidza mamiriro azvino ekunyanyisa kwemabhegi epasi-ekupedzisira uye asina kukwana akakwirira-magumo mabhegi muChina.

Parizvino, dhizaini uye yekugadzira tekinoroji yemabheyari epamusha inoteedzerwa, kugona kwekugadzira kwadzikira, uye haina kana chinhu mukutsvaga nekuvandudza kweimwe tekinoroji matekinoroji. Kunyangwe chiyero chakafananidzwa chemarafesi epamba chasvika pamakumi masere muzana, kutsigira uye kugadzirisa mabhegi emaforamu akakosha akadai seanomhanyisa njanji mota dzevanokwira, epakati-kusvika-epamusoro-magumo mota, makomputa, maairimisa mhepo, uye epamusoro-soro ekugaya zvigayo vimba nezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.

Iko kukura kwechipfuwo inobereka kugadzira tekinoroji uye maitiro ekushandisa michina inononoka, iyo nhamba yekudzora mwero wekutendeuka yakaderera, uye padanho rekukuya kushandisa michina kwakaderera. Kune chete anopfuura mazana maviri otomatiki ekugadzira mitsara munyika. Yepamberi kupisa kurapwa maitiro uye michina yakakosha kutakura hupenyu uye kuvimbika, senge inodzorwa mhepo kudzivirira kudziyisa, kuwedzeredza kunatsiridza, uye bainite kudzima, vane yakaderera kufukidza, uye mazhinji matekinoroji matambudziko haakundwe.

Iko kutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwemakero matsva esimbi esimbi, kuvandudzwa kwesimbi yemhando yepamusoro, uye nekuvandudzwa kwematekinoroji akafanana senge lubrication, kutonhora, kuchenesa uye maturusi ekuomesa haana kukwanisa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nekutakura nhanho dzechigadzirwa uye kusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro.

Kutora yakajairika yakadzika groove bhora inotakura semuenzaniso, hupenyu chaihwo hwekunze zvigadzirwa zvemberi zvinowanzoitika kanopfuura ka8 hupenyu hwakaverengwa, kusvika kanopfuura ka30, uye kuvimbika kunopfuura 98%.

Hupenyu hwemabheyari epamba anowanzo kuve matatu kusvika mashanu nguva akaverengwa hupenyu, uye kuvimbika kuri nezve 3%. Iyo mukaha uchiri wakakosha kwazvo. Kune chaiwo mitambo yemitambo, dambudziko harina kukura zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, zvakaoma kugamuchira mundima yekumusoro-soro, saka zvipfuwo zvekubhururuka zvepamusha, mabherosi enjanji, marobhoti, nezvimwewo zvinonyanya kutengeswa kunze.

03Chitima chepamusoro-soro, ndege huru, zvombo zvinorema uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro zvine mabheji epamusoro.

asi kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvepamusoro-soro mabheji maererano nekururama, kushanda, hupenyu uye kuvimbika, hutano uye kuvimbika kwezvinhu zvinotakura zvinhu zvinogadzirisa.

Nekuda kwekukwirisa-kumhanya kutenderera kwechinhu, zvikamu zvakasiyana zvechibvumirano zvinoenderana nekusiyana kwekushushikana uye kwakanyanya frequency. Kazhinji, kumanikidzwa kwenhengo yeyuniti kwakakura kunge 1500 kusvika 5000N pamamirimita mita imwe chete. Pasi pezvinhu izvi, kutakura kunowanzoita kuneta kuneta, uko kunogona kukonzera kuneta kupenya Iyo inotakura inorasikirwa nebasa rayo, uye panguva imwe chete, iyo inotenderera inotakura inodawo kumira zvinhu zvakaita sesimba re centrifugal, kukweshera, kupisa kwepamusoro, ngura, nezvimwe. Izvi zvinoitawo kuti zvive zvakakosha kushandisa simbi yakanaka kugadzira.

Pakati pezvinhu zvina zvakakosha zvekutenderedza mabheyari, kunze kwekuchengetedza, iyo yemukati, yekunze mhete, uye zvinhu zvinokungurutsa (mabhora, ma roller, kana tsono) zvinoumbwa nekutakura simbi, uye simbi inobereka inozivikanwa se "mambo wesimbi" Is iyo inonyanya kudikanwa simbi simbi mukugadzira simbi.

Hunhu hwekutakura simbi hunonyanya kubva pazvinhu zvina zvinotevera: chimwe chiri zvirimo, morphology, kugoverwa uye saizi yeiyo inclusions mune simbi; yechipiri zvirimo, morphology, kugoverwa uye kukura kwe carbides musimbi; chechitatu ndiko kusununguka kwepakati musimbi Hole uye kusarura kwepakati; Chechina, kuenderana kwekutakura simbi chigadzirwa kuita. Izvi zvinhu zvina zvinogona kupfupikiswa sezviratidzo zvekuchena uye zvakafanana.

Pakati pavo, kuchena kunoda kuti izvo zvinoiswa muzvinhu zvacho zvive zvishoma sezvazvinogona, hunhu hwerucheno hunokanganisa hupenyu hwekuneta hwekutakura; nepo kufanana kwacho kuchida kuti inclusions uye carbide particles muzvinhu zvive zvakanaka uye zvipararire, zvinozokanganisa kutakura Deformation uye kufanana kwechimiro mushure mekurapa kwekupisa mukugadzira.

Nzira yekugadzira shaft yenyika yedu yave padyo padanho repamusoro repasi, asi izvo zvinhu-kureva, simbi yekumusoro-soro inotengeswa zvachose.

"PPM" chinhu che okisijeni zvemukati mukugadzira simbi, zvichireva zvikamu pamiriyoni kana zvikamu pamiriyoni. Kazhinji kutaura, muindasitiri yesimbi, 8 PPM simbi dzakanaka simbi. 5 PPM steels ari epamusoro-giredhi simbi, ari chaizvo izvo akakwira-magumo mabheyaringi anoda.

Iyo R & D, kugadzira uye kutengesa kwepamusoro-kumagumo kutakura simbi zvinonyanya kugadziriswa nenyika dzinotakura hofori US Timken neSweden SKF. Makore mashoma apfuura, vakagadzira mabhesheni muYantai, Shandong neJinan zvakateerana, vakatenga zvakaderera-magumo zvinhu kubva kuChina, vakashandisa yavo yepamoyo tekinoroji kugadzira yepamusoro-magumo mabheyari, uye vakaatengesa iwo kumusika weChinese kagumi mutengo.

Kuwedzerwa kwepasi risingawanzoitika mukugadzirwa kwesimbi kunogona kuita kuti simbi yemhando yepamusoro iwedzere "kusimba". Asi kuti ungawedzera sei, ichi ndicho chakavanzika chikuru chenyika dzinotakura hofori.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, iwo machining emuchina simulation timu yekutsvagisa yeInstitute of Metal Research yeChinese Academy yeSainzi yakaona kuti tsvina ndiyo honzeri huru yekuumbwa kusingaenzanisike kuburikidza nekubvaruka kwepanyama uye kuverenga kweakakura zana-toni imwechete simbi ingots. Iko kusarudzika kwekuwedzera kwetekinoroji kusimbi kunotyora kuburikidza nehunyanzvi bhodhoro rekushandisa kwemaindasitiri epasi pasimbi musimbi, uye inoziva maitiro epamberi uye akatsiga mashandiro mushure mekuwedzera isingawanzo pasi kune simbi.

Ichitora maJapan NSK mabheyari semuenzaniso, yakatanga kugadzira uye kugadzira mabheyari kubva mukusarudzika kwesainzi yesainzi, netekinoroji yezvematongerwo enyika, hunyanzvi hwezvinhu, mechatronics tekinoroji uye ongororo tekinoroji senge iwo mana epamoyo matekinoroji.

Izvo chaizvo nekuda kweiyi isingaenzaniswi R & D mweya iyo NSK yakashanduka kubva kune yekuJapan machining kambani kuva yepasi rose kirasi inotakura hofori.

Nyika yedu yakwanisa kugadzira simbi yakanaka, chinotevera kuita mashandisiro ayo kumabhearing. Yepamusoro-magumo mabheyaringi zvakare anosanganisira ehunyanzvi matambudziko mune zvigadzirwa, dhizaini, yakakwira-chaiyo machina, kutakura kugadzira, uye zvimwe zvekupindirana kwedzidzo senge kuneta nekukuvara, Lubrication, nezvimwe, saka kuchine imwe gaka pakati peChina nepamusoro-magumo kutakura. technology.

Batanidza kuchinyorwa ichi: Kuoma kwekugadzira yakakwirira-magumo mabheyaringi

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