Kuuya kwebakelite kwakakosha zvikuru mukuvandudza kwemaindasitiri

Kugadzirira Nzira

Phenolic resin uye aldehyde komputa inogona kugadzirirwa ne polycondensation reaction pasi pechiito cheacidic kana yakakosha catalyst. Sanganisa zvizere phenolic resin ne sawnwood powder, talc (filler), urotropine (inorapa mumiririri), stearic acid (lubricant), pigment, nezvimwewo, uye kupisa uye kukotama mumusanganisi kuti uwane poda yebakelite. Iyo bakelite poda inopisa uye yakamanikidzwa muforoma kuti iwane thermosetting phenolic plastiki chigadzirwa.

payakaipira

Kukanganisa kwe phenolic resins kwakashata michina zvivakwa uye hazvipesane nemafuta uye chemakemikari ngura. Kuti vakunde kuremara kuri pamusoro, vanhu vakagadzirisa phenolic resins. Kuwedzera mafirita akasiyana ku phenolic resins inogona kuwana yakashandurwa phenolic resins nemabasa akasiyana. Mapurasitiki, akadai sekuwedzera asbestosi uye mica kune izvo zvinoshandiswa, anogona kuwedzera ayo asidi kuramba, alkali kuramba, uye abrasion kuramba, uye inogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvekushandisa zvemakemikari michina uye zvishongedzo zvemota uye mota; kuwedzera girazi faibha kunogona kuwedzera kuomarara uye kunogona kushandiswa semuchina zvikamu Mushure mekugadziriswa ne nitrile rabha, kushomeka kwemafuta uye simba remhedzisiro zvakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya; mushure mekugadziriswa ne polyvinyl chloride, inogona kuvandudza masimba echimakanika uye kuramba asidi.

Kunobva Kwezvinhu Zvakasikwa

Phenolic mapurasitiki akapfuma mune mbishi zvinhu, zvakapusa mukugadzirisa machine bakelite, yakachipa pamutengo, uye iine kugona kukuru. Iwo achiri makuru epurasitiki ekudzivirira moto pasi rese.

Hunhu hwepanyama

Phenolic plastiki yakaoma uye inopwanya thermosetting zvinhu.
Hunhu hwebakelite haupfuure, hauna-kuitisa, unopisa tembiricha, yakasimba simba, uye anonyanya kushandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi. Nekuda kwekudzivirira kwepamusoro uye mapurasitiki kunge huni, inonzi "bakelite". Bakelite inogadzirwa nehupfu hwe phenolic resin, iyo inosanganiswa ne sawdust, asbestosi kana ivhu, uye ndokumanikidzwa kuita chigadzirwa chakapedzwa patembiricha yakakwira. Phenolic resin ndiyo yepasi yekutanga synthetic resin.
Phenolic plastiki (bakelite): Iyo nzvimbo yakaoma, yakapwanyika uye isina kusimba, uye kune ruzha rwehuni parunorohwa. Mazhinji acho opaque uye nerima (brown kana nhema). Iyo insulator, chikamu chayo chikuru ndeche phenolic resin.
Kugadzikana

• 1. Kugadzikana kwakanaka, asi kuderera uye kutungamira kazhinji zvinokura kupfuura mapurasitiki eamino, uye zvine mitsetse yemvura. Inofanirwa kuve isati yashongedzwa isati yaumbwa, uye inofanira kupera mukati mekuumba. Kana isina kupisa, iyo tembiricha tembiricha uye kuumbwa kumanikidzwa kunofanira kuwedzerwa.
• 2. Tembiricha yeforoma ine simba rakakura pane inoyerera. Kazhinji, kana tembiricha inodarika madhigirii zana nemakumi matanhatu, hunyoro hunodonha nekukurumidza.
• 3. Iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanya kazhinji inononoka kupfuura amino mapurasitiki, uye kupisa kwakaburitswa panguva yekurapa kwakakura. Iko kupisa kwemukati kwemahombekombe akakora-ane masvingo epurasitiki anowanzo kuve akareba zvakanyanya, izvo zvinowanzoita kuomarara uye kupisa kupisa.

Kana iyo formaldehyde / phenol (molar ratio) iri pasi pe1, chigadzirwa che thermoplastic chinogona kuwanikwa, chinonzi thermoplastic phenolic resin, ndiko kuti, novolak phenolic resin, iyo isina mamwe mapoka e polycondensation, uye inogona kurapwa nekuwedzera kurapa mumiririri uye kupisa. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa hexamethylenetetramine seye inorapa mumiriri, iyo yekupisa tembiricha iri 150 ℃, uye iyo yekuumba poda yakasanganiswa neyekuzadza inowanzozivikanwa se bakelite upfu. Kana iyo formaldehyde / phenol (molar ratio) yakakura kudarika 1, yekutanga-nhanho resini, kureva thermosetting phenolic resin, inogona kuwanikwa pasi pealkali catalysis, iyo inogona kunyungudutswa mune organic solvents. Yekutanga-nhanho resini ine hydroxymethyl iyo inogona kuwedzeredzwa polycondense, saka hapana chikonzero Iyo inogona kurapwa nekuwedzera inorapa mumiririri: iyo B-danho resini inowanikwa nekuita pasi pekupisa, inozivikanwa se semi-soluble phenolic resin, iyo isingasviki uye isingachinjiki asi inogona kuzvimba uye kupfavisa. Mushure mekuenderera mberi nekuita, chinhu chisingazungunuke uye chisingachinjiki chimiro chemuviri C-danho resini, inozivikanwawo seinopisa phenolic resin, inowanikwa. Iyo resin muchikamu cheA inogona zvakare kurapwa chete pachayo kwenguva yakareba.
Iyo inorapa fomu ye thermosetting phenolic resin yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: yakajairwa tembiricha kurapa uye kupisa kupisa. Kwakajairika tembiricha kurapa inogona kushandisa isiri-chepfu yakajairwa tembiricha kurapa mumiririri NL, kana benzenesulfonyl chloride kana petroleum sulfonic acid, asi izvo zvekupedzisira zvinhu zviviri zvine chepfu uye zvinogumbura.

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