Zvakaoma nematambudziko muhuremu hwakareruka hwemota dzeChinese

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Kukurumidza kukurumidza kweindasitiri yemotokari kwakapa mikana mitsva kuindasitiri yekugadzira yeChina uye kwakaunza mamwe matambudziko. Mushure memakumi emakore ekubudirira, kunyangwe indasitiri yemotokari yeChina yawana budiriro huru, ichiri kutarisana nematambudziko mazhinji mumunda wekutsvaga kwakareruka, kunyanya mune zvinotevera zvinhu.

Kutanga kwazvose, China indasitiri yemotokari haina yakakwana tekinoroji yechigadzirwa chechigadzirwa chemotokari dzakareruka zvinhu. Vazhinji vagadziri vanga vachishandisa echinyakare dhizaini mazano mune ekuvandudza emuviri mapurojekiti. Chechipiri, China yekureruka zvinhu zvekutsvaga zvakatanga kunonoka. Iko kuiswa kwezvinhu mumuviri hakuna kudzika zvakakwana, uye mhando nemitambo yezvinhu zvisina kureruka zvichiri kure nenyika dzekunze. Chekupedzisira, nekuda kweiyo tekinoroji tekinoroji, kuvandudza, kugadzira uye kugadzirisa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvinodhura, uye zvinonetsa kuumba akakwana maindasitiri cheni munguva pfupi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mutengo wekushandisa kwemuviri wakawedzera zvakanyanya.

Parizvino, pasi rose raunza mirau pamusoro pekuchengetedza, choutsi, kunwiwa kwemafuta uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekusimbisa kuchengetedzeka uye kuita kwezvakatipoteredza zvigadzirwa zvemotokari. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza uye kudyiwa kwesimba, China yekuchengetedza simba-uye kudzora-kudzora zvinodikanwa zvemotokari zvave kuwedzera zvakanyanya uye zvakachengeteka. Kuchengetedzwa kwesimba uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvave pachena kuve zvinonyanya kukosha zviratidzo zvevatsvagiri mumunda wemotokari Maitiro ekuvandudza akawanda ane zvakatipoteredza ane hushamwari uye magetsi-anoponesa mota yave imwe yematanho akakosha mune yanhasi mota yekutsvaga nzvimbo.

The hupfumi hwemafuta uye kuburitswa kwemotokari zvakabatana zvakanyanya nehunhu hwemotokari. Iyo yekutsvagisa data inoratidza kuti iyo yakareruka mhando yemota, inoenderana injini mutoro inogona kuderedzwa zvinoenderana. Kana huremu hwemotokari hwaderedzwa ne10%, iyo yekushandisa mafuta ndeye Inogona kudzikiswa ne6% kusvika 8%. Sezvo zvakajairika muviri-mu-chena muviri unoverengera makumi maviri kubva muzana kusvika makumi matatu muzana yehuremu hwese hwemotokari, kudzikisira huremu hwemuviri wemotokari kwakakosha pakurerutsa huremu hwese mota.

Nekuda kwenzvimbo yakashomeka yechinyakare simbi maitiro ekugadzirisa uye kuoma kwekugadzirisa ekugadzirisa michina kune mitezo mitsva yemuviri, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva uye maitiro ndiyo nzira huru yekuwana muviri usina kureruka. Izvo zvitsva zvisingaremi zvinhu zvinogona kunyanya kupatsanurwa kuita yakaderera-density uye epamusoro-simba zvigadzirwa. Izvo zvazvino zvakaderera-mashoma lightweight zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mualuminium alloys, magnesium alloys, mapurasitiki uye zvinhu zvinoumbwa, nepo zvinhu zvine simba-zvakanyanya zvichinyanya kutaura kune epamusoro-simba simbi.

Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva muhuremu hushoma

1. ▶ Yakakwira-simba simbi ine gohwo simba re 210-550 MPa, inoratidzirwa nemutengo wakaderera, yakasimba masimba, yakasimba kuneta kuramba, uye nyore kutsika uye Welding. Inogona kushandisa zvizere mitsara yekugadzira mitsara uye ndicho chinhu chesarudzo yekurerutsa panguva ino. Parizvino, simbi-yakasimba simbi zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa pazvikamu zvekusimbisa zvemuviri, senge mbiru dzemumativi dzeAB column, yepasi padanda bango, musuwo anti-kudhumhana bhawa uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvakakosha zvikamu. Iyo huru mashandiro ekuderedza uremu ndeyekushandisa izere nesimba rayo rakasarudzika-rakakwirira kudzikisa kukora kweiyo ndiro yesimbi, uye kuzadzisa kudzikisira uremu hwemuviri wemotokari, uye zvakare kugadzirisa kuchengetedzwa kwekuita kwemotokari. Iko kushandiswa kwesimbi-yesimbi simbi zvinhu munyika dzeEuropean uye America kwasvika zvinopfuura 55%, uye iko kushandiswa kweyeChina mabhenji akaverengerwa kungangoita 45%.
   
   
2. ▶ Inofananidzwa nesimbi, iyo simbi yealuminium alloy ingori 35% yeiyo yesimbi. Kuwanda kwealuminium alloy kwakaderera, iko kusagadzikana kwakasimba, uye kunwa kwesimba kwakapetwa kaviri kwesimbi. Naizvozvo, ine zvazvakanakira maererano nekuchengetedzeka kudhumhana kuita. Uye zvakare, aruminiyamu chiwanikwa chine matura makuru uye mwero wepamusoro wekushandisa zvakare. Sechinhu chitsva chisina kureruka, chashandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wekugadzira mota. Zvinoenderana nedhata rekutsvagisa, chigadzirwa chealuminium chinogona kuwana huremu hwekudzikisa huremu hunosvika makumi mashanu muzana mumuviri. Pasi pemamiriro ekugutsa mashandiro emutumbi wemota, huremu hwemuviri wemotokari hunogona kudzikiswa zvakanyanya, uye huremu hwemuviri wemotokari hunogona kuzadzikiswa.
   Parizvino, anonyanya kushandiswa aruminiyamu chiwanikwa zvinhu ari mashanu akateedzana uye matanhatu akateedzana. Iwo mashanu akateedzana anonyanya kushandiswa pakusimbisa muviri, uye iwo akateedzana matanhatu anonyanya kushandiswa kune furemu uye yekunze chifukidziro chemuviri. Audi A5, Jaguar XJ uye mamwe mamodheru awana zvese-aluminium muviri, iwo muviri wakagadzirwa nealuminium, furemu iri-mativi mamiriro, iyo yekuvharira yekunze ndeye aluminium ndiro yekutsika, ichienzaniswa neyese simbi muviri, iwo muviri mhando inoderedzwa ne 6% -5% Mafuta ekushandisa anodzorwa ne6% -8%.
   
   
3. ▶ Seye dense diki yezvinhu zvese zvesimbi, magnesium alloy ine yakasimba chaiyo simba uye kuomarara kwakasarudzika pane aluminium alloy nesimbi. Uye zvakare, ine yakanaka simba kupinza, kupisa kupisa uye ruzha rutapudzo hunhu. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshandiswa parizvino kurasa giyabhokisi redzimba, mudhiraivho, injini bracket, nezvimwewo, izvo zvine tarisiro huru yekureruka kunyorera. Nekudaro, nekuda kwenzvimbo diki yekunyungudika yemagesium uye yakakura solidification crystallization renji, zvinonetsa kuumba dziva rakanyungudika, kuvimbika kwekubatana hakuna kukwirira, uye chiitiko chemakemikari chakakwirira, uye njodzi mukugadzira nekugadzira yakakura, iyo inotadzisa zvakanyanya kukura kwemagnesium alloy lightweight zvinhu. Panguva ino, chiyero chekushandisa chakadzikira pane icho chealuminium alloy zvinhu.
   
   
4. ▶ Mukushandisa kwazvino kwemidziyo yemuviri, kuitira kuti usangane nezvinodiwa zvehuremu, anti-ngura, aesthetics, nezvimwe, zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi zviri kuwedzera kufarirwa nevemotokari vanogadzira. Zvishoma zvisina kuremerwa zvisiri zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa mumuviri zvakanyanya mapurasitiki enjiniya uye zvinhu zvinoumbwa. kirasi.
   Injiniya epurasitiki zvinhu zvinonyanya kusanganisira PE, PVC, PA, nezvimwe. Nekuda kweiyo yakaderera density, anti-ngura, anti-vibration mhedzisiro uye yakanakisa kuumbwa, izvi zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa negesi-yakabatsirwa kuumbwa (GAM), mvura-yakabatsirwa kuumbwa (WAM ), Uye maviri-echinhu jekiseni kuumbwa. Iyo yekugadzirisa tekinoroji yekuumba tekinoroji yakadai se (DAM) yakakuita iko kushanda kukuru muzvinhu zvemuviri, senge bumpers, fenders, uye auto zvikamu senge zvemukati nekunze zvikamu. Chidimbu chezvinhu zvinoreva mubatanidzwa wezvinhu zviviri kana zvinopfuura zvinhu, zvinowanzo kuve zvinomisikidzwa uye kusimbisa. Iyo inosimbisa zvinhu inonyanya kusanganisira fiber uye polymer zvinhu. Nekuda kweiyo yakaderera density, yakakwira simba uye yakanaka yakakwira tembiricha uye ngura kuramba kwezvinhu zvinoumbwa, zvinonyanya kushandiswa mune zvemagetsi zvinoriumba sekumisa uye mafuremu.

Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji nyowani muhuremu

1. ▶ Laser yekushongedza yakatwasuka (TWB) inzira yekugadzirisa iyo masiraidhi ane ukobvu hwakasiyana, zvinhu, kutsika mashandiro, simba uye pamusoro kurapwa anotanga kusunganidzwa pamwechete, uye ipapo iyo yekutsika yakazara inoitwa [6]. Muna 1985, Volkswagen ndiyo yakatanga kushandisa tekinoroji yekugadzira waya. Zvino, muna 1993, North America yakawedzerawo hunyanzvi uhu. China yakaunza laser yekushambadzira tekinoroji mukunopera kwema1990. Parizvino, Baosteel ndiyo hombe kambani yekucheresa laser muChina uye kambani hombe yekutengesa laser muAsia. Iyo ine anopfuura makumi maviri emagetsi emagetsi emitsetse uye inogona kuburitsa anopfuura mamirioni makumi maviri ematombo pagore. Mugove wemusika uri pamusoro pe20%. Laser yekushambadzira yekutengesa tekinoroji yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya kune nhengo dzemuviri dzakadai semusuwo wemukati mapaneru, mafuremu edivi remuviri, pasi uye mabutiro evhiri.
   
   
2. ▶ Kune epamusoro-esimbi simbi machira, sezvo gohwo simba uye tensile simba rezvinhu zvinowedzera, iyo rebound yeiyo sheet ichave yakaoma, iyo yekuumba zvivakwa ichadzikira zvakanyanya kuderedzwa, uye iyo yekuvhenekera kurongeka kwezvikamu zvichave zvakaoma kuverengera, kunyanya yesimba rinodarika Kune zvikamu zvine 1000MPa uye akaomarara maumbirwo, maitiro ekutsika akaoma kuita. Panguva ino, iyo inopisa yekutsika tekinoroji yeakakwira-simba simbi inogona kushandiswa mushe. Kupisa kwekutsika kwekugadzira tekinoroji kunonyanya kuziva kugadzirisa kwe jira simbi nekubatanidzwa kwekupisa kurapwa uye kupisa kwakanyanya kunoumba. Maitiro acho anonyanya kusanganisira sheet blanking, kudziyisa kune austenite state, kutsika-tsika kuumba, kutonhora kudzima, uye pakupedzisira kuwana yakasimba-simba kuumbwa kweiyunifomu martensite chimiro. Zvikamu. Nekuda kwesimba rayo repamusoro, risingadzokeri uye kurema kurema, izvo zvakaumbwa zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa, mazhinji acho ari mativi akasungirirwa pamakona eAB, kumberi uye kumberi kwemabhomba uye kumwe kusimbisa.
   
   
3. ▶ Pamusoro peiyo yambotaurwa yekugadzira tekinoroji, hydraulic inogadzira maitiro, isina kuenzana makobvu anotenderera maitiro, anoumbwa jekiseni kuumbwa maitiro, nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Aya maumbirwo epamberi ekuumba anosangana nezvinodiwa zvezvinhu zvitsva zvisina huremu uye zvivakwa. Yakavhura nzira yakafara yekuzadzikiswa kwemigwagwa isingaremi.
   

Batanidza kuchinyorwa ichi: Tarisa uone zvinhu zvitsva zvemotokari nemaitiro akazvarwa mudambudziko rekusimudza mota

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