Izvo Zvingangodaro Zvishandiso Zvitsva Mune ramangwana rechi21

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Iyo indasitiri yezvinhu ndiyo indasitiri yakakosha yehupfumi hwenyika. Izvo zvinhu zvitsva ndizvo zvinotungamira mukuvandudzwa kweiyo indasitiri yezvinhu uye yakakosha nzira iri kusimukira indasitiri.

Nhasi, shanduko yesainzi uye tekinoroji iri kukura nekukurumidza, zvinhu zvitsva uye zvigadzirwa zviri kuchinja zuva rega rega, uye kusimudzira kwemaindasitiri uye kutsiviwa kwezvinhu kuri kuwedzera. Iyo nyowani yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi inosanganiswa neanotechnology, biotechnology uye ruzivo ruzivo. Kubatanidzwa kwemabasa ekuumbwa uye zvekushandisa zviri pachena. Hunhu hwezvakatipoteredza hushoma hweakadzika kabhoni, girini uye inowedzeredzwa marara yezvinhu zvakakwezva kutarisisa.
Ichi chinyorwa chinobatanidza kufambira mberi kwekutsvaga kwenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzekutsvagisa uye makambani kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, kwesainzi midhiya yekutsanangura uye indasitiri hotspot yekutsvaga, uye inosarudza makumi maviri zvinhu zvitsva. Izvi zvinotevera ruzivo rwakadzama rwezvinhu zvinoenderana (pasina hurongwa chaihwo)

1.Graphene

Breakthrough: Kujairika kusinganzwisisike, kudzvanyirira kwakanyanya uye nekukurumidza zvakanyanya elektroni yekuchinjisa kumhanya, makumi emakumi enguva simba rakawanda kupfuura simbi uye yakanakisa kupfuuridza mwenje.
Trends: Mubayiro weNobel muFizikiki muna 2010 wakakonzera kukura kwetekinoroji nemisika yemisika mumakore achangopfuura. Mumakore mashanu anotevera, ichave iri mumagetsi ekuratidzira, semiconductors, touch skrini, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, mabhatiri ekuchengetedza magetsi, kuratidza, sensors, semiconductors, aerospace, mauto, uye zvinoumbwa. Zvishandiso, biomedicine uye mamwe minda zvichaputika.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Graphene Technologies, Angstron Zvekushandisa, Graphene Square, yechitanhatu chinhu cheChangzhou, Ningbo Moxi zvichingodaro.

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2.Airgel

Breakthrough: Yakakwirira porosity, yakaderera density, yakaderera thermal conductivity, yakanakisa thermal kuputira zvivakwa.
Trends: Zvishandiso zvitsva zvine kugona kukuru zvine mukana mukuru mukuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kudziya kwemafuta uye midziyo yemagetsi, uye kuvaka.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Aspen USA, WR Nyasha, Japan Fuji-Silysia, nezvimwe.

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3.Carbon nanotube

Breakthrough: Yakakwira magetsi conductivity, yakanyanya kudziya inoitisa, yakakwira modulus yekusimba, yakakwira tensile simba, nezvimwe.
Trends: Electrode, catalyst carrier, sensor, nezvimwe zvechigadzirwa chinoshanda.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Unidym, Inc., Toray Industries, Inc., Bayer Materials Science AG, Mitsubishi Rayon Co, Ltd. Shenzhen Betray, Suzhou Chekutanga Element, nezvimwe.

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4.Fullerenes

Breakthrough: Iyo ine mitsara uye isina mutsetse oparesheni yezvinhu, alkali simbi fullerene superconductivity nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Trends: Iyo ramangwana rine tarisiro yakakosha muminda yehupenyu sainzi, mushonga, astrophysics, nezvimwe, uye inotarisirwa kushandiswa mumagetsi eelectronic sevashanduri vemagetsi, kushandurwa kwemasaini uye kuchengetedza data.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Michigan State University, Xiamen Funa Nyowani Zvishandiso, nezvimwe.

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5.Amorphous chiwanikwa

Breakthrough: Simba rakakwira uye kuomarara, kugona kukuru kwemagineti uye kupera kwemagineti yakaderera, inoyerera kuyerera kwemvura.
Trends: Mune yakakwira-frequency yakaderera-kurasikirwa mashanduri, zvivakwa zvikamu zve nharembozha michina, nezvimwe.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Liquidmetal Technologies, Inc., Institute of Metals, Chinese Academy yeSainzi, BYD Co, Ltd., nezvimwe.

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6.Furo simbi

Breakthrough: Kurema uremu, yakaderera density, yakakwira porosity uye hombe yakatarwa nzvimbo nzvimbo.
Trends: Iyo ine magetsi conduction uye inogona kutsiva nzvimbo yekushandisa uko inorganic isiri-yesimbi zvinhu zvisingakwanise kuitisa magetsi; ine kugona kukuru mumunda wekusimbisa ruzha uye kudzikisira ruzha.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Alcan (American Aluminium), Rio Tinto, Symat, Norsk Hydro, nezvimwe.

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7.Ionic mvura

Breakthrough: Iine yakanyanya kudziya kutsiga, yakafara mvura tembiricha renji, inogadziriswa acidity uye alkalinity, polarity, kubatana kugona uye zvichingodaro.
Trends: Iine tarisiro yakakura yekushandisa mumunda wemakemikari akasvibirira, pamwe nemumunda webiology uye catalysis.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Solvent Innovation, BASF, Lanzhou Institute yeFizikiki, Chinese Academy yeSainzi, Tongji University, nezvimwe.

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8.Nanocellulose

Breakthrough: Iine biocompatibility yakanaka, kuchengetwa kwemvura, yakawanda pH kugadzikana, nano-mesh chimiro, uye yakakwira michina zvivakwa.
Trends: Kune tarisiro huru mu biomedicine, enhancer, indasitiri yemapepa, kuchenesa, kuitisa uye inorganic zvinoumbwa chikafu, uye maindasitiri emagetsi anoumbwa
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Cellu Force (Canada), US Forest Service, Innventia (Sweden), nezvimwe.

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9.Nano-poindi perovskite

Breakthrough: Nano-poindi perovskites ine hofori magnetoresistance, yakakwira ionic kuitisa, uye catalysis yeoksijeni shanduko uye kudzikisira.
Trends: Iyo ramangwana rine kugona kukuru muminda ye catalysis, chengetedzo, sensors, uye kuyamwa kwechiedza.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Epri, AlfaAesar, nezvimwe.

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10.3D yekudhinda zvinhu

Breakthrough: Nekuchinja nzira dzekugadzirisa dzemaindasitiri echinyakare, zvinokwanisika kukurumidza kuona kuumbwa kwezvivakwa zvakaoma.
Trends: Iyo yechimurenga kuumbwa nzira ine tarisiro huru muminda yakaoma chimiro ichigadzira uye nekukurumidza kugadzirisa.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Chinhu, 3D Systems, Stratasys, Huaying Hi-Tech, PTJ Shop, nezvimwe.

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11.Zvichienderana girazi
Breakthrough: Chinja kuomarara uye kushomeka kwechinyakare girazi kuti uone iyo yechimurenga mitsva yegirazi.
Trends: Mune ramangwana, munda weyakajairika kuratidza uye yekupeta michina ine tarisiro huru.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Corning, Germany, SCHOTT Boka, nezvimwe.

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12.Kuzvisarudzira (kuzvigadzirisa) zvinhu

Breakthrough: Kuzvisanganisa-kwavo pachavo kwema mamorekuru vanoziva "ungwaru" hwechinhu pachacho, chinoshandura nzira dzakapfuura dzekugadzirira zvinhu, uye vanoziva kuumbwa kwechimwe chinhu kwechimiro uye chimiro chechinhu ichocho.
Trends: Kuchinja echinyakare zvigadzirwa kugadzirira uye nzira yekugadzirisa nzira kuchave netarisiro huru muminda yemamorekuru zvigadzirwa, pamusoro peinjiniya, uye nanotechnology.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Harvard University, nezvimwe.

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13.Zvinonyadzisa bioplastic

Breakthrough: Zvinonzwisisika kudzikira, mbishi zvigadzirwa zvinobva kune zvinowanikwazve zviwanikwa, zvichichinja kutsamira kwechinyakare mapurasitiki pane zvisaririra zviwanikwa senge mafuta, gasi rechisiki uye marasha, uye kudzikisira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Trends: Iyo ramangwana rekutsiva echinyakare mapurasitiki ane tarisiro huru.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Zvinhu zvakasikwa, Basf, Kaneka, nezvimwe.

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14.Titanium kabhoni inosanganiswa

Breakthrough: Nesimba rakakwira, yakaderera diki, uye yakanakisa ngura kuramba, ine mikana isingaverengeki mukubhururuka uye kushandiswa kwevanhu.
Trends: Mune ramangwana, ine mukana wakakura mukushandisa kwezvakatipoteredza senge isina huremu, yakasimba simba uye ngura kuramba.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Harbin Institute of Technology uye zvichingodaro.

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15.Super zvinhu

Breakthrough: Iyo ine zvimiro zvemuviri izvo zvakajairika zvishandiso zvisina, senge isina kunaka magineti kukwana, isina kunaka dielectric kugara, uye zvakafanana.
Trends: Nekuchinja iyo yechinyakare pfungwa yekugadzirisa zvinoenderana nehunhu hwezvinhu, mune ramangwana, hunhu hwezvinhu zvinogona kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa, uye kugona kwacho hakuganhurwe uye kuchinjika.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Boeing, Kymeta, Shenzhen Guangqi Research Institute, nezvimwe.

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16.Superconducting zvinhu

Breakthrough: Mune ramangwana, kana tikapfuura neiyo yepamusoro-tembiricha superconducting tekinoroji, tinotarisirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuparadzira magetsi, emagetsi mudziyo, uye green green transmission magnetic kusimiswa tekinoroji.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Sumitomo, Japan, Bruker, Chinese Academy yeSainzi, nezvimwe.

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17.Kuumba ndangariro Alloys

Breakthrough: Mushure mekutanga-kuumba, mushure mekumanikidzwa kuumbika nemamiriro ekunze, inodzoreredzwa kune yayo yekutanga chimiro mushure meimwe mamiriro, uye dhizaini inodzoserwa uye kushandiswa kwekushomeka kwechinhu kunoitika.
Trends: Pane kugona kukuru munzvimbo yehunyanzvi hwenzvimbo, zvigadzirwa zvekurapa, zvemuchina uye zvemagetsi nemimwe minda.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Tsvagisa zvinhu zvitsva, nezvimwe.

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18.Magnetostrictive zvinhu

Breakthrough: Pasi pekuita kwemagineti munda, inogona kuburitsa kukwirisa kana kumanikidza zvivakwa, uye nekuona kudyidzana pakati pezvinhu deformation uye magnetic field.
Trends: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yezvakangwara zvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvekuvhundutsa, zvivakwa zvekudhirowa, epamusoro-chaiwo mota, nezvimwe pasi pemamwe mamiriro, mashandiro ayo ari pamusoro peayo epayezoelectric ceramics.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): American ETREMA, Britain Rare Earth Zvigadzirwa, Sumitomo Mwenje Metal Co, nezvimwe.

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19.Magnetic (emagetsi) emvura zvinhu

Breakthrough: Iyo mvura, inosanganisa iyo magineti ehupfumi eakasimba magineti zvinhu, uye kuyerera kwemvura. Iyo ine hunhu uye zvinoshandiswa izvo zvetsika magineti hombe zvinhu zvisina.
Trends: Inoshandiswa mukuvhara magnetic, magnetic refrigeration, magnetic heat pump uye mamwe minda, kushandura tsika dzekuisa chisimbiso uye nzira dzekutonhora.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): American ATA Chikumbiro Technology Kambani, Japan Matsushita, nezvimwe.

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20.Akangwara polymer gel

Breakthrough: Inogona kuona shanduko munharaunda yakatenderedza uye kupindura, iine maitiro akafanana ekupindura maitiro.
Trends: Kuwedzera-kudzora kutenderera kwema smart polymer gels anogona kushandiswa kwemakemikari vharafus, adsorption kupatsanurwa, sensors uye ndangariro zvinhu; simba rinopihwa necircle rinoshandiswa kugadzira "chemical engines"; kudzora kweiyo mesh kwakakodzera kune akangwara madhiragi ekuendesa masystem.
Iwo makuru ekutsvagisa masangano (makambani): Masayunivhesiti eAmerica neJapan.

Batanidza kuchinyorwa ichi: Makumi maviri ezvivimbiso zvikuru zvinhu zvitsva mune ramangwana nyika

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